Advanced search
Publication Cover
Aerosol Science and Technology Volume 45, 2011 - Issue 7
Submit an article Journal homepage
946
Views
33
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Quantification and Compensation of Nonspecific Analyte Aggregation in Electrospray Sampling

Mingdong Li Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; Process Measurements Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
,
Suvajyoti Guha Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; Process Measurements Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
,
Rebecca Zangmeister Process Measurements Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
,
Michael J. Tarlov Process Measurements Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
&
Michael R. Zachariah Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; Process Measurements Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
Pages 849-860 | Received 22 Nov 2010, Accepted 08 Feb 2011, Published online: 30 Mar 2011

Figures & data

FIG. 1 Physical representation of the probability distribution of induced and intrinsic aggregate distributions from ES.

FIG. 1 Physical representation of the probability distribution of induced and intrinsic aggregate distributions from ES.

FIG. 2 (a) ES monomodal and narrow droplet size distribution [20 mmol ammonium acetate (Am Ac) with the chamber pressure in ES at PSI 3.7 (2.55 × 104 Pa) and a carrier gas in ES of 1 L/min purified air and 0.2 L/min carbon dioxide] for Rituxan samples in Sections 4.1.1 and 4.2. (b) ES droplet with a bimodal size distribution (2 mmol ammonium acetate (Am Ac) with the chamber pressure in ES at PSI 3.7 (2.55 × 104 Pa) and a carrier gas in ES of 1 L/min purified air and 0.2 L/min carbon dioxide) for Au-NPs Samples 1 and 2 in Section 4.3.

FIG. 2 (a) ES monomodal and narrow droplet size distribution [20 mmol ammonium acetate (Am Ac) with the chamber pressure in ES at PSI 3.7 (2.55 × 104 Pa) and a carrier gas in ES of 1 L/min purified air and 0.2 L/min carbon dioxide] for Rituxan samples in Sections 4.1.1 and 4.2. (b) ES droplet with a bimodal size distribution (2 mmol ammonium acetate (Am Ac) with the chamber pressure in ES at PSI 3.7 (2.55 × 104 Pa) and a carrier gas in ES of 1 L/min purified air and 0.2 L/min carbon dioxide) for Au-NPs Samples 1 and 2 in Section 4.3.

FIG. 3 ES monomodal and narrow droplet size distribution (20 mmol ammonium acetate (Am Ac) with the chamber pressure in ES at PSI 3.7 (2.55 × 104 Pa) and a carrier gas in ES of 1 L/min purified air and 0.2 L/min carbon dioxide). The monomodal approximation can be improved by using three average droplet volumes in three regions and solving EquationEquations (25) and Equation(26).

FIG. 3 ES monomodal and narrow droplet size distribution (20 mmol ammonium acetate (Am Ac) with the chamber pressure in ES at PSI 3.7 (2.55 × 104 Pa) and a carrier gas in ES of 1 L/min purified air and 0.2 L/min carbon dioxide). The monomodal approximation can be improved by using three average droplet volumes in three regions and solving EquationEquations (25) and Equation(26).

FIG. 4 The observed ES-DMA size distributions of Rituxan concentration at 5 μg/mL (stars), 10 μg/mL (circles), 25 μg/mL (triangles), 50 μg/mL (squares), and 100 μg/mL (rhombuses) at pH 7 in 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer with the chamber pressure in ES at PSI 3.7 (2.55 × 104 Pa).

FIG. 4 The observed ES-DMA size distributions of Rituxan concentration at 5 μg/mL (stars), 10 μg/mL (circles), 25 μg/mL (triangles), 50 μg/mL (squares), and 100 μg/mL (rhombuses) at pH 7 in 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer with the chamber pressure in ES at PSI 3.7 (2.55 × 104 Pa).

FIG. 5 The ratios of dimer to the total number of dimer and monomers at pH 7 observed by ES-DMA as a function of Rituxan concentration at 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL (rhombuses). Ratios from droplet-induced dimers (line with filled squares) at the same concentrations calculated based on EquationEquation (6).

FIG. 5 The ratios of dimer to the total number of dimer and monomers at pH 7 observed by ES-DMA as a function of Rituxan concentration at 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL (rhombuses). Ratios from droplet-induced dimers (line with filled squares) at the same concentrations calculated based on EquationEquation (6).

FIG. 6 ES droplet size distributions at pH 7 in 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate (Am Ac) buffer. The triangle, rhombus, and circle distributions are those of the same sample with the chamber pressure in ES at 2.3 PSI (1.59 × 104 Pa), 3.0 PSI (2.07 × 104 Pa), and 3.7 PSI (2.55 × 104 Pa), respectively.

FIG. 6 ES droplet size distributions at pH 7 in 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate (Am Ac) buffer. The triangle, rhombus, and circle distributions are those of the same sample with the chamber pressure in ES at 2.3 PSI (1.59 × 104 Pa), 3.0 PSI (2.07 × 104 Pa), and 3.7 PSI (2.55 × 104 Pa), respectively.

TABLE 1 The ratios of observed dimers to monomers from DMA measurement by varying the ES droplet volumes, and the ratios of dimers to monomers after correction for drop-induced dimers based on our model (the strategy in Section 4.2) for Rituxan at the concentration of 100 μg/mL at pH 7 in 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer

TABLE 2 The ratios of observed dimers to monomers at pH 7 from DMA measurement, the ratios of intrinsic dimers to monomers calculated based on EquationEquations (27) and Equation(36), and the ratio of dimers to monomers measured by analytical ultracentrifuge for Rmab

FIG. 7 ES-DMA size distributions of 10 nm Au-NPs, Sample 1. The rhombus, square, and triangle data markers are those of 2×, 4×, and 8× dilutions of the original sample, respectively. Each of the discernable oligomer peaks is labeled respectively.

FIG. 7 ES-DMA size distributions of 10 nm Au-NPs, Sample 1. The rhombus, square, and triangle data markers are those of 2×, 4×, and 8× dilutions of the original sample, respectively. Each of the discernable oligomer peaks is labeled respectively.

TABLE 3 The ratios of observed dimers to monomers from DMA measurement, and the ratios of intrinsic dimers to monomers calculated based on EquationEquation (38) for 10 nm Au-NPs

FIG. 8 The fraction of insulin dimer versus insulin total in the concentration range of 2–200 μmol/L at pH 3.3 and 22°C (rhombuses) as measured by CitationNettleton et al. (2000) using nano-ES/MS (line with open diamonds). The ratio of dimer/(monomer + dimer) calculated by EquationEquation (43) using the droplet-induced dimer for the concentration range of 2–200 μmol/L (line with filled squares).

FIG. 8 The fraction of insulin dimer versus insulin total in the concentration range of 2–200 μmol/L at pH 3.3 and 22°C (rhombuses) as measured by CitationNettleton et al. (2000) using nano-ES/MS (line with open diamonds). The ratio of dimer/(monomer + dimer) calculated by EquationEquation (43) using the droplet-induced dimer for the concentration range of 2–200 μmol/L (line with filled squares).
Supplemental material

uast_a_566901_sup_17992817.zip

Download Zip (66.9 KB)

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.