In-Vivo Measurements of Micrometer-Sized Particle Deposition in the Nasal Cavities of Taiwanese Adults

Figures & data

FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of experimental setup.

TABLE 1 Nose-related information of individual subject

Subject	Nostril length (L) (cm)	Nostril width (W) (cm)	Nostril ratio (E = L/W)	Nostril cross-sectional area (cm^2)	Angle between two nostril axes (°)	Nostril type	A min: left/right (cm^2)	Volume: left/right (cm^3)
A	1.3	0.8	1.63	1.77	70	II	0.83/0.72	8.75/9.97
B	0.9	0.7	1.28	1.27	101	V	0.61/0.49	7.30/5.30
C	0.7	0.5	1.40	1.18	121	V	0.98/0.47	10.10/6.85
D	1.2	0.9	1.33	1.39	89	III	0.81/0.70	7.18/8.62
E	1.0	0.5	2.0	1.23	92	III	0.79/0.69	8.95/7.15
F	1.0	0.6	1.67	1.22	94	III	0.74/0.63	10.37/8.71
G	0.9	0.6	1.50	1.49	101	V	0.42/0.45	4.32/5.89
H	1.1	0.6	1.83	1.57	92	III	0.49/0.39	5.22/4.40
I	1.0	0.6	1.67	1.33	106	V	0.73/0.72	7.35/7.11

FIG. 2 Particle size distribution before and after inhalation for the average deposition efficiency at minute volume of (a) 10 L, (b) 15 L, (c) 20 L, and (d) 30 L.

FIG. 3 Average nasal particle deposition as a function of inertial parameter (d ² Q).

FIG. 4 Nasal particle deposition efficiency of subjects A, E, G, and I as a function of (a) inertial parameter (d ² Q) and (b) Stokes number.

FIG. 5 Comparison of the deposition efficiency in the current study with other published studies.

FIG. 6 Comparison of nasal particle deposition with and without the calibration of inhalation efficiency.

FIG. 7 Nasal particle deposition efficiency of Taiwanese adults as a function of d ^2.274 _ae Q ^1.025 A ^−0.517 _min .