Particulate Matter Emissions Reductions due to Adoption of Clean Diesel Technology at a Major Shipping Port

Figures & data

FIG. 1 Map of the Port of Oakland with wind rose including the locations for the sampling site and the West Oakland community air-monitoring site. The airfield located to the south of the sampling site is the former Alameda Naval Air Station (now closed).

FIG. 2 Time series for key source-identifying species measured at the Port of Oakland: (a) EC, (b) OC, (c) Na: signature for sea spray, (d) S and (e) V: signature for shipping, (f) Fe and (g) Ba: signature for traffic, and (h) Pb: signature for road dust. Deadline for CTMP Phase 2 ended early April.

FIG. 3 Five-factor profiles obtained from analyzing PM_1.8 samples retrieved at the Port of Oakland by using PMF modeling: shipping (Factor 1), port truck traffic (Factor 2), distant traffic (Factor 3), sea salt (Factor 4), and road dust (Factor 5). All factors include a mixed signal due to turbulent mixing caused by the ocean breeze.

FIG. 4 Factor contributions to the time series of EC measured from 24-h PM_1.8 samples over the course of the field campaign (8 March 2010 to 28 May 2010).

FIG. 5 EC factor contribution during and after the CTMP implementation phase change.

FIG. 6 Factor contributions to the key source-identifying species measured at the Port of Oakland sampling site.

TABLE 1 Species concentration of during and after CTMP phase change where N is the sample size

	Total ambient		Port truck traffic contribution
	Before phase	After phase	Before phase	After phase
Species	change (n = 7)	change (n = 17)	change (n = 7)	change (n = 17)	Reduction
names	μg/m^3	μg/m^3	μg/m^3	μg/m^3	%
EC	1.32 ± 0.25	1.10 ± 0.13	7.44 ± 0.98 (10^−1)	2.55 ± 0.57 (10^−1)	66 ± 14
OC	3.77 ± 0.57	2.09 ± 0.40	2.23 ± 0.36	4.95 ± 1.3 (10^−1)	78 ± 11
Na	2.87 ± 0.53 (10^−1)	3.11 ± 0.84 (10^−1)	4.50 ± 0.96 (10^−2)	7.95 ± 1.72 (10^−3)	82 ± 10
S	3.19 ± 0.83 (10^−1)	5.18 ± 0.78 (10^−1)	0	0	–
V	1.84 ± 0.34 (10^−3)	1.91 ± 0.79 (10^−3)	5.68 ± 0.95 (10^−4)	1.54 ± 0.73 (10^−4)	73 ± 21
Fe	9.05 ± 2.19 (10^−2)	2.70 ± 0.51 (10^−2)	5.80 ± 1.14 (10^−2)	7.45 ± 1.76 (10^−3)	87 ± 7
Ba	6.71 ± 1.52 (10^−3)	2.27 ± 0.33 (10^−3)	4.76 ± 0.68 (10^−3)	7.70 ± 2.00 (10^−4)	84 ± 8
Pb	6.34 ± 5.77 (10^−3)	1.20 ± 0.73 (10^−3)	0	0	–