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Aerosol Science and Technology Volume 47, 2013 - Issue 7
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Original Articles

Molecular Analysis of Bacterial and Circovirus Bioaerosols in Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Mari Rodríguez de EvgrafovDepartment of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
,
Piret KõllDepartment of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
,
Daniel N. FrankMucosal and Vaccine Research Colorado, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA;Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
,
Laura K. BaumgartnerDepartment of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
,
Charles E. RobertsonDepartment of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
,
Mark T. HernándezDepartment of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
&
Norman R. PaceDepartment of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USACorrespondence[email protected]
 show all
Pages 755-766 | Received 08 Dec 2011, Accepted 08 Nov 2012, Published online: 19 Apr 2013

Figures & data

Figure 1 FIG. 1 Total microbial loads for the CAFOs and the outdoor environments. Aliquots of collected samples were stained using DAPI and visualized under an epifluorescence microscope. Only intact brightly stained cells with obvious bacterial or fungal morphology were counted. Outside (background) controls are displayed to the right of each set of samples. Error bars represent the pooled standard deviation of three independent counts, each of which averaged the observations of ten microscopic fields.
Figure 1 FIG. 1 Total microbial loads for the CAFOs and the outdoor environments. Aliquots of collected samples were stained using DAPI and visualized under an epifluorescence microscope. Only intact brightly stained cells with obvious bacterial or fungal morphology were counted. Outside (background) controls are displayed to the right of each set of samples. Error bars represent the pooled standard deviation of three independent counts, each of which averaged the observations of ten microscopic fields.

Table 1 TABLE 1 Ecological indices associated with clone libraries

Figure 2 FIG. 2 Phylum-level phylogenetic distribution of sequences recovered from indoor CAFO air and their corresponding outdoor environments.
Figure 2 FIG. 2 Phylum-level phylogenetic distribution of sequences recovered from indoor CAFO air and their corresponding outdoor environments.

Table 2 TABLE 2 Phylogenetic distribution of 16S rRNA sequences in CAFO bioaerosols

Figure 3 FIG. 3 UniFrac community analysis. UPGMA and Jackknife results for all sampled environments. Jackknife values reflect 100 permutations. Nursery, Grower, and Finisher are the sampled sites from Swine Facility A. Hallway, South Barn, and North Barn are the sampled sites from Swine Facility B.
Figure 3 FIG. 3 UniFrac community analysis. UPGMA and Jackknife results for all sampled environments. Jackknife values reflect 100 permutations. Nursery, Grower, and Finisher are the sampled sites from Swine Facility A. Hallway, South Barn, and North Barn are the sampled sites from Swine Facility B.
Figure 4 FIG. 4 Phylogenetic relationships among aerosolized circovirus sequences. Schematic representation of an unrooted phylogenetic tree derived from porcine circovirus type 2 sequences found at swine facilities A and B. The total number of sequences within each wedge (including seeded genome sequences) is indicated by the number within the wedge. ICD means uncorrected intraclade distance. Bootstrap values for all clades are greater than 70%.
Figure 4 FIG. 4 Phylogenetic relationships among aerosolized circovirus sequences. Schematic representation of an unrooted phylogenetic tree derived from porcine circovirus type 2 sequences found at swine facilities A and B. The total number of sequences within each wedge (including seeded genome sequences) is indicated by the number within the wedge. ICD means uncorrected intraclade distance. Bootstrap values for all clades are greater than 70%.

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