Figures & data
Figure 1. Schematic of droplet generation from cylindrical liquid jet, using Reitz and Bracco (Citation1986) atomization model in pMDI.
![Figure 1. Schematic of droplet generation from cylindrical liquid jet, using Reitz and Bracco (Citation1986) atomization model in pMDI.](/cms/asset/83428f00-63a1-4a6f-b8f5-273fb1178911/uast_a_1327121_f0001_oc.gif)
Figure 2. Schematic of droplet generation from annular liquid sheet, using LISA mechanism (Senecal et al. Citation1999) in pMDI.
![Figure 2. Schematic of droplet generation from annular liquid sheet, using LISA mechanism (Senecal et al. Citation1999) in pMDI.](/cms/asset/399af363-5ba1-487a-8d24-097fb8242ff0/uast_a_1327121_f0002_oc.gif)
Figure 3. Schematic of spray development in near-orifice region immediately downstream from spray orifice in choked conditions, illustrating propellant flashing and associated droplet size reduction.
![Figure 3. Schematic of spray development in near-orifice region immediately downstream from spray orifice in choked conditions, illustrating propellant flashing and associated droplet size reduction.](/cms/asset/3f15dc22-bf01-4d6e-9bf4-17b58e907137/uast_a_1327121_f0003_oc.gif)
Figure 4. Prediction of spray droplet size compared with PDA measurements of Myatt et al. (Citation2015a,Citationb) (test case parameters in Table S1). (a) HFA134a; (b) HFA227.
![Figure 4. Prediction of spray droplet size compared with PDA measurements of Myatt et al. (Citation2015a,Citationb) (test case parameters in Table S1). (a) HFA134a; (b) HFA227.](/cms/asset/d5853417-6d87-4231-90fa-74b22938cca7/uast_a_1327121_f0004_oc.gif)
Figure 5. Comparison of predicted spray droplet size against PDA measurements of Dunbar et al. (Citation1997).
![Figure 5. Comparison of predicted spray droplet size against PDA measurements of Dunbar et al. (Citation1997).](/cms/asset/ab053f66-932e-4b00-892c-a19e5a085464/uast_a_1327121_f0005_oc.gif)
Figure 6. Comparison of predicted spray droplet size against PDA measurements of Wigley et al. (Citation2002).
![Figure 6. Comparison of predicted spray droplet size against PDA measurements of Wigley et al. (Citation2002).](/cms/asset/e159acc9-93f5-4247-9382-cf7853b52107/uast_a_1327121_f0006_oc.gif)
Figure 7. Ratios of near-orifice droplet size (after flashing) and spray orifice droplet size (before flashing) for modeling parameters of Myatt et al. (Citation2015a,Citationb), using HFA134a.
![Figure 7. Ratios of near-orifice droplet size (after flashing) and spray orifice droplet size (before flashing) for modeling parameters of Myatt et al. (Citation2015a,Citationb), using HFA134a.](/cms/asset/4d003c43-e717-4bd9-9cea-097aa545a5bb/uast_a_1327121_f0007_b.gif)
Figure 8. Predictions of wavelength of most unstable disturbance and droplet size for inviscid/viscous sheet and jet models, corresponding to test case in Table S1 using HFA134a propellant (a) wave length (b) droplet size.
![Figure 8. Predictions of wavelength of most unstable disturbance and droplet size for inviscid/viscous sheet and jet models, corresponding to test case in Table S1 using HFA134a propellant (a) wave length (b) droplet size.](/cms/asset/6c85b481-5856-4828-ad80-8a17bce35561/uast_a_1327121_f0008_oc.gif)