Generation of ZnO nanoparticles for long-term exposure experiments

Figures & data

Figure 1. Scheme of the apparatus. (1) Deoxygenator, (2) dryer, (CV) control valve, (D) diluter, (F) filter, (MFC) electronic mass flow controller, (N) aerosol neutralizer Am²⁴¹, (P) pressure reducing valve, (SF) sampling filter, (VP) vacuum pump.

Figure 2. The dependence of N_t, GMD, S_t, M_t, and number, mass and surface particle size distributions on the process duration and the experimental conditions (T_R, Q_R, Q_Dil, c_O) during the 1st experimental run. Vertical gray bars highlight the sampling periods; G denotes the TEM grid, F denotes Ag filter, and FC denotes cellulose filter.

Figure 3. Variation in the particle size distribution during the 1st experimental run depending on different events.

Table 1. Experimental conditions, mass concentrations, and emission rates from the filter and SMPS measurements during the filter sampling periods.

Sample	TR [°C]	QR [ml/min]	Qdil [ml/min]	mFilter [μg]	mSMPS [μg]	ERSMPS [μg/min]	ERFilter [μg/min]	ERFilter/ ERSMPS	mSMPS,b/a [μg]	ERFilter/ ERSMPS,b/a
Zn02F	520	800	1800	860	334	3.01	7.76	2.58	861	1.00
Zn03FC	520	800	1800	301	114	1.77	4.66	2.64	260	1.16
Zn06F	530	800	1800	1109	433	3.55	9.10	2.56	910	1.22
Zn07FC	525	800	2000	824	1195	11.85	8.17	0.69	825	1.00
Zn08F	525	800	2200	1178	1023	6.40	7.36	1.15	898	1.31
Zn09FC	520	800	2200	716	736	6.85	6.67	0.97	538	1.33
Zn10F	520	1000	2200	383	547	4.07	2.85	0.70	429	0.89

Figure 4. TEM images of sample Zn01G synthesized at T_R=520 °C, Q_R=800 cm³/min and Q_Dil=1800 cm³/min.

Figure 5. TEM images of sample Zn05G synthesized at T_R=530 °C, Q_R=800 cm³/min and Q_Dil=1800 cm³/min.

Figure 6. XRD pattern of sample Zn06F synthesized at T_R=530 °C, Q_R=800 cm³/min and Q_Dil=1800 cm³/min. C denotes chlorargyrite, S silver, and Z zinc oxide.

Figure 7. Comparison of the electron diffraction pattern (inset and the (red) curve) of sample Zn01G (T_R=520 °C, Q_R=800 cm³/min and Q_Dil=1800 cm³/min) with the model diffraction pattern of hexagonal ZnO (the vertical (green) lines), PDF 05-0664.

Figure 8. Surface particle size distribution of the generated aerosol (S_t) and surface distributions of fractions deposited in the tracheobronchial (S_TB) and alveolar (S_AL) regions and LDSA (S_AB+TB). Concentrations S_t, S_TB, S_AL and S_AB+TB are plotted in the form dS/dlog D_p.