The volatility of pollen extracts and their main constituents in aerosolized form via the integrated volume method (IVM) and the volatility basis set (VBS)

Figures & data

Figure 1. Integrated volume method experimental setup. Direction of air flow is indicated by red arrows.

Figure 2. Flow setup of aerosol generation and TDMA setup. Red arrows indicate flow direction of air (aerosol sample).

Figure 3. Temperature vs. volume change data used for fitting of C_sat,0 and ΔH for proline and the modeled data generated by the fitted values of C_sat,0 and ΔH in Equation (3)(3) $$m_{\mathit{tot}}=\sum _i{m}_i\text{\hspace{1em}or\hspace{1em}}\sum _i{f}_i=1$$(3) . Data were binned and averaged at intervals of 2 °C (with standard deviations used for error bars) to prevent the Levenberg-Marquardt least-squares fitting algorithm from biasing the fit for lower temperatures, where a larger number of raw data points were taken. Plotted over the temperature-averaged data is also the modeled resultant curve generated from the fitted parameters of the IVM Equation (3)(3) $$m_{\mathit{tot}}=\sum _i{m}_i\text{\hspace{1em}or\hspace{1em}}\sum _i{f}_i=1$$(3) .

Table 1. Fit results of C_sat,0 and ΔH for the tested bioaerosol compounds, calculated at 25 °C.

	Csat,0 at 25 °C (μg m^−3)	ΔH (kJ mol^−1)
L-Proline	17.5 ± 2.2	87.5 ± 3.3
L-Leucine	0.25 ± 0.06	104.2 ± 3.3
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)	14.7 ± 0.8	68.9 ± 1.1
L-Asparagine	0.049 ± 0.006	79.3 ± 1.2
D-Glucose	0.034 ± 0.006	106.8 ± 2.2
Sucrose	0.0010 ± 0.0006	86.2 ± 4.4
D-Fructose	4.4 ± 0.5	70.1 ± 2.1

Note: See Table S1 for full experimental statistics on temperatures and relative humidities.

Table 2. Summary of previous studies measuring or modeling ΔH for the seven compounds of interest in this study.

	ΔH (kJ/mol)	Method	Reference
Leucine	148.7 ± 6.5	Thermogravimetric	Lähde et al. (2009)
	151.0 ± 0.8	Knudsen effusion	Svec and Clyde (1965)
	139.8	Modeled G4 theory calculations	Dorofeeva and Ryzhova (2014)
Proline	96.7 ± 0.8	Knudsen effusion	Svec and Clyde (1965)
	127.3 ± 1.0	Knudsen effusion	Santos et al. (2014)
	127.4 ± 1.0	Torsion and weighing effusion	De Kruif et al. (1979)
	125.7 ± 4.0	Modeled G4 theory calculations	Dorofeeva and Ryzhova (2014)
Asparagine	174.2 ± 4.0	Modeled G4 theory calculations	Dorofeeva and Ryzhova (2014)
	188.04	Joback group contribution method	Chemeo database
GABA	139 ± 4	Thermogravimetric	Legendre et al. (2009)
	140 ± 2	Calorimetry	Sabbah and Skoulika (1983)
	139.1 ± 3.0	Modeled G4 theory calculations	Dorofeeva and Ryzhova (2014)
Fructose	143.67	Joback group contribution method	Chemeo database
Glucose	194.4 ± 5.0	Knudsen effusion	Oja and Suuberg (1999)
	132.44	Joback group contribution method	Chemeo database
Sucrose	248.19	Joback group contribution method	Chemeo database

Figure 4. Volatility basis sets for (a) aspen pollen and (b) lodgepole pine pollen.

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