The Pharmacokinetics of Ketamine in the Breast Milk of Lactating Women: Quantification of Ketamine and Metabolites

Figures & data

Figure 1. Graphs of quantitative analysis of ketamine and metabolites in breast milk for all four participants. Each data point shown as mean ± SD.

Table 1. Breast milk concentrations (ng/ml) of ketamine and metabolites. Concentrations reported as mean ± standard deviation.

Time (h)
Compound	Dose of Ketamine	3	6	9	12
Ketamine
	0.5 mg/kg	51.2 ± 18.8	22.6 ± 8.4	10.6 ± 5.4	4.5 ± 4.4
	1.0 mg/kg	125.0 ± 44.1	48.2 ± 17.3	21.6 ± 13.9	18.5 ± 6.7
Norketamine
	0.5 mg/kg	42.6 ± 10.5	28.6 ± 5.2	18.8 ± 5.1	8.7 ± 6.4
	1.0 mg/kg	92.7 ± 14.8	62.4 ± 12.9	37.3 ± 10.5	32.3 ± 10.3
Dehydronorkertamine
	0.5 mg/kg	0.56 ± 0.3	0.55 ± 0.2	0.45 ± 0.3	0.21 ± 0.1
	1.0 mg/kg	2.0 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.1	1.4 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 0.6
Hydroxynorketamine
	0.5 mg/kg	29.9 ± 9.0	28.3 ± 10.2	25.6 ± 8.0	17.5 ± 9.9
	1.0 mg/kg	64.1 ± 21.1	66.9 ± 13.1	54.6 ± 11.2	41.5 ± 9.8

Table 2. Mean AUC_0-12 calculations of ketamine and metabolites in breast milk.

Compound	Ketamine Dose (mg/kg)	AUC (95% CI) ng h/mL
Ketamine	0.5	259.8 (170.3–349.2)
	1.0	612.4 (406.2–818.7)
Norketamine	0.5	283.2 (226.7–339.6)
	1.0	625.8 (528.5–723.0)
DHNK	0.5	5.0 (3.2–6.8)
	1.0	17.4 (10.2–24.6)
HNK	0.5	277.7 (205.9–349.5)
	1.0	619.1 (502.2–736.0)