The impact of lifestyle counselling on weight management and quality of life among working-age females

Figures & data

Figure 1. Demonstrating flow of the study.

Figure 2. Distribution of the Body Mass Index in the study population. Box-and-whiskers plot shows median and IQR (interquartile range), and whiskers indicate 5th and 95th percentile.

Table 1. Characteristics of the subjects according to categories of weight change and change in the quality of life (EUROHIS-8).

	Weight change
	Reduced or stabilized		Gained weight		P value
Demographic factors	QoL reduced or no changeN = 114	QoL improvedN = 163	QoL reduced or no changeN = 142	QoL improvedN = 206	Weight change	QoL change	Interaction
Age, years, mean (SD)	49 (9)	48 (9)	47 (11)	47 (10)	0.042	0.28	0.69
Education years, mean (SD)	13.8 (2.1)	13.7 (2.1)	13.8 (2.2)	13.7 (2.2)	0.91	0.74	0.96
Cohabiting, n (%)	91 (80)	128 (79)	108 (76)	166 (81)	0.82	0.64	0.39
Lifestyle factors
Current smokers, n (%)	14 (12)	21 (13)	10 (7)	20 (10)	0.088	0.46	0.59
AUDIT-C, mean (SD)	3.0 (1.7)	2.9 (1.7)	3.2 (1.9)	3.1 (2.1)	0.099	0.44	0.90
Physical activity at goal, n (%)	48 (42)	65 (40)	61 (43)	82 (40)	0.92	0.50	0.91
Financial satisfaction, n (%)	72 (63)	99 (61)	90 (63)	131 (64)	0.70	0.78	0.74
Good quality of sleep, n (%)	86 (75)	112 (69)	96 (68)	141 (68)	0.27	0.41	0.30
Laboratory measures, mean (SD)
Total cholesterol, mmol/l	5.28 (0.85)	5.32 (0.90)	5.27 (0.91)	5.22 (0.99)	0.44	0.95	0.52
LDL cholesterol, mmol/l	3.05 (0.73)	3.07 (0.78)	3.02 (0.74)	2.93 (0.84)	0.19	0.60	0.42
HDL cholesterol, mmol/l	1.76 (0.46)	1.75 (0.46)	1.77 (0.45)	1.80 (0.43)	0.40	0.83	0.54
Triglycerides, mmol/l	1.06 (0.56)	1.13 (0.67)	1.10 (0.46)	1.05 (0.52)	0.61	0.73	0.17
HbA1c, mmol/mol	5.48 (0.50)	5.47 (0.46)	5.40 (0.31)	5.45 (0.48)	0.21	0.58	0.46
Clinical measures, mean (SD)
Height, cm	165 (7)	165 (6)	164 (6)	165 (6)	0.66	0.37	0.33
Weight, kg	71.7 (12.2)	73.9 (14.6)	72.8 (15.3)	72.0 (13.5)	0.75	0.55	0.18
Body mass index, kg/m^2	26.2 (4.1)	27.0 (4.8)	26.8 (5.1)	26.3 (4.8)	0.88	0.74	0.11
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	133 (17)	132 (17)	130 (16)	130 (18)	0.12	0.86	0.56
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	85 (10)	87 (11)	85 (11)	85 (10)	0.36	0.63	0.26
Number of chronic diseases	0.9 (1.1)	1.0 (1.1)	1.0 (1.1)	0.9 (1.1)	0.99	0.75	0.62
Medication, n (%)
Antidiabetic	5 (4)	7 (4)	5 (4)	9 (4)	0.80	0.81	0.77
Antihypertensive	17 (15)	35 (21)	30 (21)	45 (22)	0.29	0.25	0.34
Statins	6 (5)	6 (4)	7 (5)	10 (5)	0.78	0.62	0.65
Psychosocial risk factors, n (%)
Depression	15 (13)	33 (20)	26 (18)	41 (20)	0.40	0.16	0.35
Stress	30 (26)	47 (29)	50 (35)	57 (28)	0.32	0.53	0.19
Social isolation	16 (14)	26 (16)	30 (21)	35 (17)	0.20	0.79	0.34
Anxiety	32 (28)	46 (28)	46 (32)	69 (33)	0.20	0.87	0.91
Hostility	19 (17)	33 (20)	35 (25)	46 (22)	0.13	0.79	0.37

QoL: quality of life; AUDIT-C: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.

Figure 3. The relationship between the change of EUROHIS-8 score and the relative weight change among normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m²) and overweight/obese subjects (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) at baseline. The line shows the estimated linear regression with 95% confidence intervals.