Development over time in point-of-care test use in Danish daytime and out-of-hours general practice: a register-based study

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient characteristics of study population, for all clinic consultations, consultations with CRP-, and consultations with RADT point-of-care test use, stratified for daytime and out-of-hours.

	Daytime			Out-of-hours
	Consultations	Consultations with use of CRP tests	Consultations with use of RADT tests	Consultations	Consultations with use of CRP tests	Consultations with use of RADT tests
Total (n)	295,773,393	17,742,997	7,414,807	13,346,650	652,884	1,729,751
Sex (%)
Women	58.7	59.4	58.5	52.9	56.3	54.7
Men	41.3	40.6	41.5	47.1	43.7	45.3
Age groups (in years) (%)
0–4	4.7	4.1	14.0	22.1	13.9	27.4
5–9	3.6	2.6	12.6	9.8	5.6	15.7
10–19	8.1	8.6	21.4	13.2	12.7	18.5
20–39	22.1	22.4	30.7	26.6	29.0	27.0
40–59	27.0	28.8	15.5	18.2	23.3	9.4
60–79	27.9	28.0	5.3	8.8	13.8	1.9
80+	6.6	5.5	0.5	1.2	1.8	0.1
Charlson comorbidity Index (%)
0	70.8	68.7	87.7	82.1	74.3	89.1
1	14.0	15.2	8.6	11.3	14.7	8.7
2	8.2	8.4	2.4	3.8	5.9	1.6
3+	7.0	7.7	1.2	2.8	5.0	0.7
Civil status (%)
Single	28.8	27.1	16.0	17.9	21.9	11.1
Other	71.2	72.9	84.0	82.1	78.1	88.9
Highest level of education in household (in years) (%)
0–10	24.2	23.2	15.8	21.6	22.1	16.7
11–15	47.8	48.7	48.9	49.7	49.6	50.2
16+	25.1	25.9	33.2	26.2	26.0	30.9
Missing	2.9	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.1
Ethnicity (%)
Danish	89.9	90.7	88.5	88.0	88.0	87.2
Western immigrant	2.8	2.8	2.4	2.0	2.7	1.7
Non-western immigrant	7.4	6.5	9.1	9.9	9.4	11.1

Figure 1. (a) Total and relative use of CRP per year, for daytime and out-of-hours primary care. Total usage is plotted as columns and relative usage as lines. (b) Total and relative use of RADT per year, for daytime and out-of-hours primary care.

Table 2. The crude and adjusted proportion ratios (PR), after regression analyses on cluster level (i.e., provider), of CRP use for patient- and contact characteristics, stratified for daytime and out-of-hours.

	Daytime		OOH
	Crude PR	Adj. PR^a	Crude PR	Adj. PR^a
Sex
Women	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Men	0.97 (0.97; 0.98)	0.97 (0.96; 0.97)	0.87 (0.86; 0.88)	0.90 (0.89; 0.90)
Age groups (in years)
0–4	0.85 (0.81; 0.90)	0.83 (0.79; 0.87)	0.58 (0.54; 0.62)	0.71 (0.67; 0.76)
5–9	0.74 (0.71; 0.76)	0.72 (0.70; 0.74)	0.52 (0.50; 0.54)	0.59 (0.57; 0.61)
10–19	1.04 (1.03; 1.06)	0.99 (0.98; 1.01)	0.88 (0.87; 0.89)	0.83 (0.82; 0.84)
20–39	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
40–59	1.06(1.05; 1.07)	1.02 (1.01; 1.03)	1.17 (1.16; 1.19)	1.06 (1.05; 1.08)
60–79	1.00 (0.98; 1.02)	0.90 (0.88; 0.92)	1.44 (1.41; 1.47)	1.09 (1.08; 1.11)
80+	0.83 (0.81; 0.86)	0.76 (0.74; 0.78)	1.34 (1.29; 1.38)	0.94 (0.91; 0.97)
Charlson comorbidity Index (CCI)
0	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
1	1.12 (1.11; 1.13)	1.10 (1.09; 1.11)	1.44 (1.42; 1.47)	1.13 (1.12; 1.14)
2	1.06 (1.04; 1.07)	1.04 (1.03; 1.05)	1.72 (1.68; 1.76)	1.12 (1.11; 1.13)
3+	1.12 (1.11; 1.14)	1.10 (1.08; 1.11)	1.99 (1.94; 2.05)	1.15 (1.13; 1.17)
Civil status
Single	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Other	1.09 (1.08; 1.10)	1.12 (1.11; 1.13)	0.78 (0.76; 0.79)	1.09 (1.08; 1.10)
Highest level of education in household (in years)
10	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
10-15	1.06 (1.05; 1.07)	0.99 (0.98; 0.99)	0.98 (0.96; 0.99)	0.98 (0.97; 0.99)
16+	1.07 (1.06; 1.09)	0.96 (0.94; 0.97)	0.97 (0.95; 0.99)	0.96 (0.94; 0.97)
Missing	0.79 (0.78; 0.81)	0.93 (0.92; 0.94)	0.93 (0.91; 0.95)	0.99 (0.97; 1.01)
Ethnicity
Danish	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Western immigrant	1.01 (1.00; 1.03)	0.96 (0.95; 0.98)	1.30 (1.27; 1.34)	1.02 (1.000; 1.04)
Non-western immigrant	0.87 (0.85; 0.90)	0.82 (0.80; 0.84)	0.94 (0.91; 0.98)	0.96 (0.93; 0.99)

^aAdjusted for sex, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, civil status, ethnicity, education, year, and month.

Table 3. The crude and adjusted proportion ratios (PR), after regression analyses on cluster level (i.e., provider), of RADT use for patient- and contact characteristics, stratified for daytime and out-of-hours.

	Daytime		OOH
	Crude PR	Adj. PR^a	Crude PR	Adj. PR^a
Sex
Women	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Men	1.01 (1.00; 1.01)	1.02 (1.02; 1.03)	0.93 (0.92; 0.94)	0.93 (0.92; 0.93)
Age groups (in years)
0–4	2.14 (2.10; 2.19)	1.89 (1.85; 1.93)	1.22 (1.18; 1.26)	1.06 (1.03; 1.10)
5–9	2.55 (2.52; 2.58)	2.34 (2.32; 2.36)	1.57 (1.56; 1.59)	1.42 (1.40; 1.44)
10–19	1.90 (1.89; 1.91)	1.84 (1.82; 1.85)	1.38 (1.37; 1.40)	1.34 (1.33; 1.35)
20–39	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
40–59	0.42 (0.41; 0.42)	0.43 (0.42; 0.43)	0.51 (0.51; 0.52)	0.52 (0.52; 0.53)
60–79	0.14 (0.14; 0.14)	0.16 (0.16; 0.16)	0.21 (0.21; 0.22)	0.25 (0.24; 0.25)
80+	0.05 (0.05; 0.05)	0.07 (0.07; 0.07)	0.08 (0.08; 0.09)	0.12 (0.11; 0.12)
Charlson comorbidity Index (CCI)
0	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
1	0.50 (0.49; 0.50)	0.87 (0.87; 0.88)	0.71 (0.70; 0.71)	0.88 (0.87; 0.88)
2	0.24 (0.24; 0.24)	0.77 (0.76; 0.77)	0.38 (0.37; 0.39)	0.77 (0.76; 0.78)
3+	0.14 (0.14; 0.14)	0.61 (0.60; 0.62)	0.22 (0.21; 0.23)	0.61 (0.60; 0.63)
Civil status
Single	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Other	2.12 (2.09; 2.14)	1.17 (1.16; 1.17)	1.74 (1.72; 1.77)	1.21 (1.20; 1.22)
Highest level of education in household (in years)
10	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
10-15	1.57 (1.55; 1.59)	1.16 (1.15; 1.17)	1.31 (1.30; 1.32)	1.18 (1.17; 1.19)
16+	2.03 (1.99; 2.06)	1.28 (1.26; 1.30)	1.52 (1.51; 1.54)	1.32 (1.30; 1.33)
Missing	1.14 (1.13; 1.16)	1.02 (1.01; 1.03)	1.13 (1.12; 1.15)	1.05 (1.04; 1.06)
Ethnicity
Danish	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Western immigrant	0.89 (0.88; 0.91)	0.98 (0.97; 1.00)	0.85 (0.83; 0.86)	0.95 (0.93; 0.96)
Non-western immigrant	1.25 (1.21; 1.29)	0.95 (0.92; 0.97)	1.12 (1.10; 1.14)	1.08 (1.06; 1.10)

^aAdjusted for sex, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, civil status, ethnicity, education, year, and month.