Use of emergency primary care among pregnant undocumented migrants over ten years: an observational study from Oslo, Norway

Figures & data

Figure 1. Female patient consultations at the Department of Emergency General Practice in Oslo by categorization of residency status 2009–2019**. *Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and Kuwait. **Years not included: 2011, 2014 and 2017.

Table 1. Characteristics of pregnant women’s consultations without a Norwegian identity number presenting at an emergency primary care service in Oslo, Norway.

	Probably undocumented migrant		Uncertain migrant status
	n = 225	%	n = 787	%
Maternal age
Median (years)	28 (IQR 24–31)		26 (IQR 23–30)
Missing information	0		5
Self-reported region of origin
EEA^a	8	3.6	127	16.1
Europe & Central Asia	24	10.7	92	11.7
Middle East & North Africa	34	15.1	174	22.1
Sub-Saharan Africa	105	46.7	166	21.1
North America	0	0	1	0.1
Latin America & Caribbean	0	0	14	1.8
East Asia & Pacific	17	7.6	19	2.4
South Asia	10	4.4	34	4.3
Missing information	27	12.0	160	20.3
Diagnosis ICPC-2^b
W03 Antepartum bleeding	39	17.3	110	14.0
W29 Pregnancy symptoms other	27	12.0	68	8.6
W05 Pregnancy vomiting/nausea	14	6.2	65	8.3
W82 Abortion spontaneous	7	3.1	44	5.6
W90/92 Livebirth	1	0.4	1	0.1
W93 Stillbirth	0	0.0	1	0.1
Other W	35	15.6	148	18.8
Other than W	93	41.3	323	41.0
Missing	9	4.0	27	3.4
Manchester Triage System code
1 (Immediate)	3	1.4	15	1.9
2 (Very Urgent)	47	20.9	172	21.9
3 (Urgent)	135	60.0	471	59.9
4 (Standard)	38	16.9	127	16.1
5 (Non-urgent)	1	0.4	1	0.1
Missing information	1	0.4	1	0.1
Transferred to hospital	66	29.3	211	26.8
Missing information	6	2.7	13	1.7
Documented use of a translator
Yes	19	8.4	162	20.6
No	200	88.9	613	77.9
Missing information	6	2.7	12	1.5

^aEuropean Economic Area.

^bW is the pregnancy chapter in ICPC-2.

Figure 2. Proportions of total pregnancy-related consultations* at emergency primary care service among women with different residency status. *With ICPC-2 chapter W diagnosis.

Table 2. Proportions and risk ratio of severe pregnancy-related conditions at presentation to an emergency primary care service in Oslo.

			Resident women		Women with uncertain migration status		Probably undocumented migrants		Women with uncertain migration status vs. resident women (ref.)		Probably undocumented migrants vs. resident women (ref.)
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	RR ^a	95% CI	RR ^a	95% CI
Total consultations	19968	100	19408	100	437	100	123	100
High level of urgency at presentation	2168	10.9	2038	10.5	104	23.8	26	21.1	1.99	(1.13, 3.53)*	1.86	(1.14, 3.04)*
Hospitalized	3755	19.3	3581	18.5	136	31.1	38	30.9	1.62	(1.19, 2.22)**	1.68	(1.21, 2.34)**

^aAdjusted for age.

*p-value < 0.05.

**p-value < 0.01.

CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio.

Data availability statement

Due to the sensitivity, the data are available on reasonable request to the corresponding author.