Occurrence of common phyllosphere fungi of horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) is unrelated to degree of damage by leafminer (Cameraria ohridella)

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of Lithuania showing 10 study sites in which heavily damaged and slightly damaged leaves of A. hippocastanum were sampled. Sites are numbered as in Table 1.

Table 1. Sampled heavily and slightly damaged leaves of A. hippocastanum, generated high-quality ITS rRNA fungal sequences and detected diversity of fungal taxa.

Site	City	Position	Heavily damaged leaves				Slightly damaged leaves
			No. of leaves	No. of sequences	No. of fungal taxa	Shannon diversity index	No. of leaves	No. of sequences	No. of fungal taxa	Shannon diversity index
1	Kaunas	N54°54′, E23°57′	30	28,516	359	2.1	30	19,688	378	2.3
2	Kaišiadorys	N54°51′, E24°27′	30	15,147	245	1.9	30	13,729	276	2.1
3	Ukmergė	N55°15′, E24°46′	30	5854	197	2.4	30	858	131	3.3
4	Kupiškis	N55°50′, E24°59′	30	5890	144	1.9	30	4643	178	2.3
5	Šiauliai	N55°54′, E23°19′	30	11,489	250	2.2	30	5193	213	2.7
6	Raseiniai	N55°23′, E23°07′	30	3735	167	2.6	30	4411	141	2.1
7	Rietavas	N55°43′, E21°55′	30	13,398	330	2.5	30	16,640	372	2.7
8	Jurbarkas	N55°04′, E22°45′	30	18,949	405	2.7	30	8174	393	3.2
9	Alytus	N54°24′, E24°01′	30	13,250	253	1.9	30	5546	203	2.3
10	Druskininkai	N54°00′, E23°59′	30	10,455	230	2.2	30	8359	247	2.1
All			300	126,683	869		300	87,241	863

Table 2. Relative abundance of the 20 most common fungal taxa directly sequences from heavily and slightly damaged leaves of A. hippocastanum sampled in 10 study sites in Lithuania.

Taxon	Phylum	Reference	Similarity, %^a	Heavily damaged leaves, %	Slightly damaged leaves, %	All, %
Aureobasidium pullulans	Ascomycota	KR912256	308/311 (99%)	26.7	30.3	28.2
Endoconidioma populi	Ascomycota	KT824245	314/319 (98%)	30.3	23.9	27.7
Phoma fungicola	Ascomycota	KT037425	310/314 (99%)	11.3	11.3	11.3
Cladosporium ramotenellum	Ascomycota	KP701983	303/308 (98%)	8.1	6.8	7.6
Cryptococcus sp. 2185_4	Basidiomycota	EU149784	328/332 (99%)	5.3	4.6	5.0
Diplodina microsperma	Ascomycota	JN712461	315/321 (98%)	3.4	2.2	2.9
Unidentified sp. 2185_6	Ascomycota	AM182902	342/384 (89%)	0.9	1.6	1.2
Articulospora sp. 2185_7	Ascomycota	KP234356	294/306 (96%)	0.6	1.1	0.8
Ramularia vizellae	Ascomycota	KP894320	296/299 (99%)	0.7	0.6	0.7
Thyrostroma sp. 2185_10	Ascomycota	KC815910	303/315 (96%)	0.6	0.7	0.6
Erysiphe flexuosa	Ascomycota	HM490007	335/339 (99%)	0.4	0.8	0.6
Taphrina carpini	Ascomycota	NR_119488	353/358 (99%)	0.4	0.8	0.6
Botrytis cinerea	Ascomycota	KT737373	299/302 (99%)	0.5	0.6	0.5
Unidentified sp. 2185_13	Ascomycota	KP897435	302/302 (100%)	0.3	0.8	0.5
Massarina sp. 2185_15	Ascomycota	JX981477	305/309 (99%)	0.3	0.5	0.4
Rhodotorula aurantiaca	Basidiomycota	NR_073293	350/358 (98%)	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taphrina sacchari	Ascomycota	AF492117	351/360 (98%)	0.2	0.4	0.3
Taphrina wiesneri	Ascomycota	AF492128	355/359 (99%)	0.3	0.3	0.3
Collophora sp. 2185_20	Ascomycota	NR_111680	293/304 (96%)	0.2	0.3	0.3
Cryptococcus wieringae	Basidiomycota	KF981864	388/392 (99%)	0.2	0.3	0.2
Total of 20 taxa				90.9	88.4	89.9

^aSequence similarity column shows base pairs compared between the query sequence and the reference sequence at NCBI databases, and the percentage of sequence similarity in the parenthesis.

Figure 2. Venn diagram showing the overall diversity of fungal taxa (data pooled from all sites) and nine most common fungi exclusively found in heavily and slightly damaged leaves of A. hippocastanum, and overlap between both types of samples. The fungal taxa are top-down listed in descending order of occurrence as in Supplementary Table 1.

Figure 3. Relative abundance of the five most common fungal taxa (data from heavily damaged and slightly damaged leaves is pooled within each site) in 10 study sites. Sites are numbered as in Table 1.

Figure 4. Ordination diagram based on CA of fungal communities in heavily damaged (circles) and slightly damaged (triangles) leaves of A. hippocastanum from 10 study sites in Lithuania. Sites are numbered as in Table 1.