Determinants in the place of death for people with different cancer types: a national population-based study

Figures & data

Table 1. Distribution of place of cancer deaths by sex, age and cancer type.

	Total	Hospital		Home		Nursing home		Other
	n^a	%^b	n	%^b	n	%^b	n	%^b	n
All cancer deaths	20,710	50.9	(10,551)	21.4	(4441)	26.2	(5423)	1.4	(295)
Sex
Men	10,760	51.2	(5511)	22.7	(2440)	24.7	(2663)	1.4	(146)
Women	9950	50.7	(5040)	20.1	(2001)	27.7	(2760)	1.5	(149)
Age^c
18–49	698	62.9	(439)	26.9	(188)	8.6	(60)	1.6	(11)
50–59	1511	60.0	(907)	26.4	(399)	11.6	(175)	2.0	(30)
60–69	4305	60.0	(2585)	24.4	(1052)	13.9	(599)	1.6	(69)
70–79	6053	53.7	(3252)	22.8	(1379)	21.7	(1313)	1.8	(109)
80–89	6346	44.2	(2802)	18.0	(1143)	36.8	(2335)	1.0	(66)
90–95+	1747	30.2	(528)	15.3	(268)	53.9	(941)	0.6	(10)
Cancer type
Upper gastrointestinal	3677	50.7	(1865)	25.6	(940)	22.4	(825)	1.3	(47)
Lower gastrointestinal	2642	44.7	(1182)	25.1	(663)	28.3	(747)	1.9	(50)
Pulmonary	3373	59.7	(2013)	19.1	(643)	19.5	(658)	1.7	(59)
Breast & gynecological	2495	49.6	(1237)	19.7	(491)	29.0	(723)	1.8	(44)
Prostate	2216	38.3	(849)	22.5	(498)	38.1	(844)	1.1	(25)
Hematological	1869	64.5	(1205)	15.2	(285)	19.9	(371)	0.4	(8)
Other	4438	49.6	(2200)	20.8	(921)	28.3	(1255)	1.4	(62)

^aTotal cancer death population in Sweden 2012 = 22,091 (6.3% missing registration of place of death); ^bpercentages are row percentages; ^c0.24% (50) missing registration of age.

Table 2. Distribution of place of cancer deaths by cancer type and healthcare region.

		Hospital death		Home death		Nursing home death		Death in other place
Cancer type	Region^a	%^b	n	%^b	n	%^b	n	%^b	n
Upper gastrointestinal	1	46.8	(182)	24.2	(94)	25.4	(99)	3.6	(14)
	2	54.2	(461)	22.2	(189)	23.3	(198)	0.4	(3)
	3	65.8	(454)	21.2	(146)	10.9	(75)	2.2	(15)
	4	40.3	(161)	34.0	(136)	25.8	(103)	0.0	(0)
	5	40.7	(279)	25.4	(174)	32.8	(225)	1.2	(8)
	6	49.4	(323)	30.6	(200)	19.0	(124)	1.1	(7)
	Total	50.7	(1860)	25.6	(939)	22.5	(824)	1.3	(47)
Lower gastrointestinal	1	38.3	(98)	21.5	(55)	34.8	(89)	5.5	(14)
	2	44.1	(262)	26.9	(160)	28.8	(171)	0.2	(1)
	3	60.5	(286)	17.5	(83)	17.8	(84)	4.2	(20)
	4	33.9	(95)	33.6	(94)	32.1	(90)	0.4	(1)
	5	38.1	(192)	24.4	(123)	36.1	(182)	1.4	(7)
	6	46.8	(248)	27.2	(144)	24.7	(131)	1.3	(7)
	Total	44.8	(1181)	25.0	(659)	28.3	(747)	1.9	(50)
Pulmonary	1	52.4	(152)	17.2	(50)	25.2	(73)	5.2	(15)
	2	58.1	(429)	19.2	(142)	22.5	(166)	0.1	(1)
	3	66.9	(476)	17.6	(125)	10.5	(75)	5.1	(36)
	4	51.1	(207)	26.7	(108)	22.2	(90)	0.0	(0)
	5	59.5	(347)	16.3	(95)	24.0	(140)	0.2	(1)
	6	62.2	(399)	19.2	(123)	17.6	(113)	0.9	(6)
	Total	59.7	(2010)	19.1	(643)	19.5	(657)	1.8	(59)
Breast & gynecological	1	41.6	(106)	18.8	(48)	35.7	(91)	3.9	(10)
	2	51.9	(280)	18.4	(99)	29.7	(160)	0.0	(0)
	3	67.6	(367)	12.7	(69)	16.2	(88)	3.5	(19)
	4	34.6	(94)	27.9	(76)	37.5	(102)	0.0	(0)
	5	40.1	(191)	21.8	(104)	36.8	(175)	1.3	(6)
	6	48.4	(197)	23.3	(95)	26.0	(106)	2.2	(9)
	Total	49.6	(1235)	19.7	(491)	29.0	(722)	1.8	(44)
Prostate	1	36.8	(98)	19.9	(53)	40.2	(107)	3.0	(8)
	2	36.7	(190)	22.6	(117)	40.5	(210)	0.2	(1)
	3	55.1	(211)	14.9	(57)	27.2	(104)	2.9	(11)
	4	28.2	(72)	27.8	(71)	43.9	(112)	0.0	(0)
	5	39.8	(159)	17.3	(69)	42.3	(169)	0.8	(3)
	6	30.1	(118)	33.2	(130)	36.2	(142)	0.5	(2)
	Total	38.3	(848)	22.4	(497)	38.1	(844)	1.1	(25)
Hematological	1	61.2	(104)	14.7	(25)	23.5	(40)	0.6	(1)
	2	67.4	(306)	15.2	(69)	17.4	(79)	0.0	(0)
	3	69.6	(245)	15.3	(54)	14.2	(50)	0.9	(3)
	4	49.8	(113)	22.5	(51)	27.8	(63)	0.0	(0)
	5	62.8	(206)	12.5	(41)	24.1	(79)	0.6	(2)
	6	68.2	(227)	13.2	(44)	18.0	(60)	0.6	(2)
	Total	64.4	(1201)	15.2	(284)	19.9	(371)	0.4	(8)
Other	1	49.3	(235)	19.7	(94)	27.0	(129)	4.0	(19)
	2	49.5	(483)	20.7	(202)	29.8	(291)	0.0	(0)
	3	60.9	(480)	17.8	(140)	18.3	(144)	3.0	(24)
	4	40.6	(211)	26.0	(135)	33.5	(174)	0.0	(0)
	5	44.5	(375)	19.8	(167)	34.6	(291)	1.1	(9)
	6	49.6	(409)	22.0	(181)	27.3	(225)	1.1	(9)
	Total	49.5	(2193)	20.8	(919)	28.3	(1254)	1.4	(61)
Total (all cancer types)	1	46.4	(975)	19.9	(419)	29.9	(628)	3.9	(81)
	2	51.6	(2411)	20.9	(978)	27.3	(1275)	0.1	(6)
	3	63.9	(2519)	17.1	(674)	15.7	(620)	3.2	(128)
	4	40.4	(953)	28.4	(671)	31.1	(734)	0.0	(1)
	5	45.8	(1749)	20.2	(773)	33.0	(1261)	0.9	(36)
	6	50.8	(1921)	24.3	(917)	23.8	(901)	1.1	(42)

^aRegions: 1: North; 2: Uppsala-Örebro; 3: Stockholm (capital); 4: Southeast; 5: West; 6: South; ^bpercentages are row percentage.

Table 3. Associations between place of death and individual, socioeconomic and geographic characteristics among individuals dying from cancer, final model.

	People residing at home		People residing in nursing home
	Hospital vs. home	Nursing home vs. home	Hospital vs. nursing home
	(n = 14,556)	(n = 9112)	(n = 5186)
	OR^a (95% CI^b)	OR^a (95% CI^b)	OR^a (95% CI^b)
Sex
Men	- ^d	–	–
Women	0.99 (0.91–1.08)	1.09 (0.98–1.21)	0.86 (0.52–1.42)
Age^c
18–49	1.13 (0.88–1.46)	0.12 (0.08–0.17)
50–59	1.19 (0.96–1.47)	0.19 (0.15–0.24)
60–69	1.31 (1.09–1.57)	0.25 (0.20–0.30)	0.77 (0.28–2.12)
70–79	1.28 (1.07–1.52)	0.42 (0.35–0.50)	0.66 (0.31–1.43)
80–89	1.30 (1.09–1.54)	0.78 (0.66–0.93)	1.54 (0.88–2.67)
90–95+	- ^d	–	–
Cancer type
Lower gastrointestinal	- ^d	–	–
Upper gastrointestinal	1.10 (0.96–1.24)	0.85 (0.73–1.00)	1.18 (0.52–2.67)
Pulmonary	1.72 (1.50–1.96)	1.02 (0.87–1.21)	1.24 (0.52–2.92)
Breast & gynecological	1.36 (1.17–1.58)	1.28 (1.06–1.53)	0.79 (0.31–2.02)
Prostate	0.99 (0.84–1.15)	1.38 (1.15–1.64)	1.03 (0.43–2.46)
Hematological	2.39 (2.02–2.82)	1.09 (0.88–1.34)	2.95 (1.34–6.50)
Other	1.34 (1.18–1.52)	1.29 (1.11–1.50)	1.22 (0.58–2.55)
Education attainment
No formal or elementary	- ^d	–	–
Lower secondary	1.07 (0.93–1.24)	1.03 (0.86–1.23)	0.42 (0.15–1.18)
Higher secondary	1.00 (0.92–1.10)	0.96 (0.87–1.07)	0.54 (0.33–0.90)
Higher	0.92 (0.82–1.02)	0.73 (0.63–0.83)	0.37 (0.15–0.86)
Marital status
Unmarried	- ^d	–	–
Married	0.65 (0.57–0.73)	0.39 (0.34–0.46)	0.24 (0.11–0.56)
Widowed	0.88 (0.75–1.02)	0.77 (0.64–0.91)	0.77 (0.39–1.52)
Divorced/separated	0.88 (0.76–1.02)	0.83 (0.69–0.99)	1.27 (0.62–2.59)
Environmental area of residence
Urban	1.20 (1.09–1.32)	1.35 (1.19–1.53)	0
Healthcare region
North (1)	- ^d	–	–
Uppsala-Örebro (2)	1.03 (0.90–1.19)	0.90 (0.76–1.06)	1.24 (0.54–2.82)
Stockholm (3)	1.55 (1.33–1.79)	0.62 (0.52–0.75)	2.32 (1.00–5.41)
Southeast (4)	0.60 (0.51–0.70)	0.80 (0.67–0.96)	0.40 (0.12–1.33)
West (5)	0.96 (0.83–1.11)	1.27 (1.07–1.50)	1.30 (0.56–2.98)
South (6)	0.88 (0.76–1.01)	0.62 (0.52–0.74)	1.59 (0.69–3.67)
AUC (area under the rock curve)	0.62	0.71	0.78

^aOdds ratio; ^bconfidence interval; ^cfor calculations of people dwelling in nursing home only the last four age categories were included in the binary multivariable regression model. Regression coefficient significant if p < .05; ^dreference category.