Use of 5α-reductase inhibitors and survival of oesophageal and gastric cancer in a nationwide Swedish cohort study

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of users and non-users of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) who underwent curative treatment for oesophago-gastric cancer.

Characteristics	5-ARIs users Number (%)	Non-users Number (%)
Total	64 (100)	1705 (100)
Age (years)
≤59	0 (0)	357 (21)
60–69	16 (25)	621 (36)
≥70	48 (75)	727 (42)
Mean (standard deviation)	74 (6)	67 (10)
Charlson Comorbidity Index
0	22 (34)	695 (41)
1	21 (33)	564 (33)
≥2	21 (33)	446 (26)
Education (years)
<9	25 (39)	625 (37)
9–12	27 (42)	772 (45)
>12	12 (19)	308 (18)
Calendar period
2006 (July) − 2009	8 (12)	543 (32)
2010–2012	28 (44)	552 (32)
2013–2015	28 (44)	610 (36)
Neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy
No	43 (67)	851 (50)
Yes	21 (33)	854 (50)
Pathological tumour stage
0-I	26 (41)	532 (31)
II	17 (27)	448 (26)
III-IV	21 (33)	725 (43)
Resection margin status
Radically resected (R0)	54 (84)	1479 (87)
Not radically resected (R1/R2)	10 (16)	226 (13)
Absolute 5-year all-cause mortality	38 (59)	1056 (62)
Absolute 5-year disease-specific mortality*	31 (48)	906 (53)

* 5-year follow-up for all years except those included in 2015 which had a minimum of 4 years.

Figure 1. Kaplan–Meier survival curves in patients who underwent curative treatment for oesophago-gastric cancer by use or non-use of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs).

Table 2. Associations between the use of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) and 5-year all-cause mortality of patients who underwent curative treatment for oesophago-gastric cancer.

Variables	Number of patients	Crude hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)	Adjusted hazard ratio* (95% confidence interval)	Interaction p-value
Total
Non-users of 5-ARIs	1705	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Users of 5-ARIs	64	0.96 (0.70–1.33)	1.10 (0.79–1.52)
Age (years)				0.690
Below median of 68
Non-users of 5-ARIs	905	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Users of 5-ARIs	11	0.85 (0.38–1.91)	0.95 (0.42–2.14)
Above median of 68
Non-users of 5-ARIs	800	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Users of 5-ARIs	53	0.89 (0.62–1.26)	1.14 (0.80–1.63)
Charlson comorbidity index				0.482
0
Non-users of 5-ARIs	695	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Users of 5-ARIs	22	1.07 (0.62–1.86)	1.30 (0.75–2.27)
≥1
Non-users of 5-ARIs	1010	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Users of 5-ARIs	42	0.89 (0.59–1.32)	1.02 (0.68–1.52)
Tumour stage				0.116
0-II
Non-users of 5-ARIs	980	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Users of 5-ARIs	43	0.89 (0.55–1.42)	0.82 (0.51–1.31)
III-IV
Non-users of 5-ARIs	725	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Users of 5-ARIs	21	1.47 (0.94–2.29)	1.38 (0.88–2.16)
Tumour subtype
Oesophageal or cardia adenocarcinoma
Non-users of 5-ARIs	789	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Users of 5-ARIs	33	1.22 (0.80–1.85)	1.27 (0.83–1.94)
Non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma				0.246
Non-users of 5-ARIs	729	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Users of 5-ARIs	29	0.68 (0.39–1.18)	0.84 (0.48–1.47)
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma				0.165
Non-users of 5-ARIs	187	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Users of 5-ARIs	2	7.62 (1.88–30.89)	3.59 (0.88–14.68)

* Adjusted for age, comorbidity, education, calendar year, neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy, tumour stage and resection margin status.

Data availability statement

Data supporting the results are available upon request.