The effects of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, on mineral metabolism and bone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figures & data

Figure 1. Plasma concentration of canagliflozin over 24 hours¹⁴. CANA, canagliflozin; IC, inhibitory concentration; SD, standard deviation; SGLT, sodium glucose co-transporter. *Pharmacokinetic profiles are mean + SD using a free fraction of 1.5%. ^†IC₅₀ values are mean values from four experiments; IC₉₀ values are assumed to be 9 × IC₅₀ values.

Figure 2. Changes from baseline in (A) serum beta-CTX and (B) serum osteocalcin with canagliflozin at Week 52 (study in older patients)³⁶. beta-CTX, serum collagen type-1 beta-carboxy-telopeptide; PBO, placebo; CANA, canagliflozin; LS, least squares; CI, confidence interval. Republished with permission of the Endocrine Society, from Bilezikian et al.³⁶; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center Inc.

Figure 3. Scatter plot of change in beta-CTX by change in body weight from baseline to Week 52 (study in older patients)³⁶. beta-CTX, collagen type-1 beta-carboxy-telopeptide; BW, body weight; PBO, placebo; CANA, canagliflozin. Republished with permission of the Endocrine Society, from Bilezikian et al.³⁶; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center Inc.

Figure 4. Change from baseline in BMD with canagliflozin at Week 104 (study in older patients)³⁶. BMD, bone mineral density; CI, confidence interval; PBO, placebo; CANA, canagliflozin. *95% CI for the difference versus PBO excludes 0.

Figure 5. Changes in BMD associated with canagliflozin (study in older patients) and weight-loss interventions^36,44,45. BMD, bone mineral density; PBO, placebo; CANA, canagliflozin; WL, weight loss.

Figure 6. Relationship between weight loss and BMC with canagliflozin treatment (add-on to MET vs GLIM study and study in older patients). BMC, bone mineral content; GLIM, glimepiride; CANA, canagliflozin; PBO, placebo; LS, least squares; CI, confidence interval; MET, metformin.

Figure 7. Fracture incidence rate with canagliflozin in the overall population of pooled studies, CANVAS, and pooled non-CANVAS studies⁴⁹. CANVAS, CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study; CANA, canagliflozin; CI, confidence interval. *95% CI for the hazard ratio versus non-CANA excludes 1.

Figure 8. Kaplan-Meier plot of time to first fracture AE with canagliflozin (CANVAS)⁴⁹. AE, adverse event; CANVAS, CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study; PBO, placebo; CANA, canagliflozin. Republished with permission of the Endocrine Society, from Watts et al.⁴⁹; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center Inc.

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