Comparative study of dulaglutide single-use pen Ateos versus insulin degludec FlexTouch on learning and mock administration time in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus – a post-hoc analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study schematic. For this post-hoc analysis, time was measured by investigators. When participants made an error, a trainer corrected the mistake and participants repeated the steps until mastery of the procedure. Number of repeats due to procedural errors (marked with an “X”) were counted. Time was measured for correctly performed procedural steps (white arrows) and steps repeated due to procedural errors (gray arrows).

Table 1. Demographics and clinical characteristics.

	Overall (N = 48)
Age, years, mean (SD) [min-max]	63.5 (8.5) [38–79]
Male, n (%)	37 (77.1)
BMI (kg/m^2), mean (SD)	25.09 (2.86)
Duration of type 2 diabetes, n (%)
1 − 5 years	15 (31.3)
5 − 10 years	13 (27.1)
>10 years	20 (41.7)
HbA1c, n (%)
≤7%	20 (41.7)
≥7.1%	25 (52.1)
Unknown	3 (6.3)
Number of diabetes medications, n (%)
1	14 (29.2)
2	19 (39.6)
≥3	15 (31.3)

Abbreviations. BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin (A1c); max, maximum; min, minimum; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 2. Training time. Overall time with and without errors for the Ateos and FlexTouch devices. Data presented are mean ± standard deviation (SD). p-Values were generated from the Student’s t-test. N represents the number of participants evaluated.

Figure 3. Time required for completion of self-injection steps.

Table 2. Self-injection repetitions.

	Ateos		FlexTouch
	n	Repeats	n	Repeats
Preparation	6	6	2	5
Pre-injection set-up	2	2	2	2
Injection	1	1	5	8
Clean-up	0	0	0	0
Overall	9	9	7	15

Abbreviations. Ateos, dulaglutide single-use pen; FlexTouch, insulin degludec disposable prefilled pen.