Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis does not differ in Ramadan compared to other months and seasons: results from a 6-year multicenter study

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the patients admitted with index DKA episode.

Baseline characteristics	Results (N = 922)
Median age in years	35 (25–45)
Males (%)	575 (62.4%)
Ethnicities, N (%)	Arabs	502 (54.4%)
	Asians	300 (32.5%)
	Africans	90 (9.7%)
	Others	30 (3.2%)
Mean BMI (kg/m^2)	24.8 ± 6.2
T1D	Pre-existing	332 (36%)
	New	148 (16%)
	Total	480 (52%)
T2D	Pre-existing	266 (28.8%)
	New	176 (19%)
	Total	442 (47.9)
Duration of DM in years	6 (3–12)
DM Complications	Microvascular complications	95 (10.3%)
	Macrovascular complications	56 (6%)
	High Metabolic risk	394 (42.7%)
HBA1c on Admission	12.1 ± 2.7 %

Abbreviations. BMI, Body mass index, DM, Diabetes mellitus, T1DM, Type 1 diabetes, T2DM, Type 2 diabetes, COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus, Metabolic risk = dyslipidemia, ethnic-specific obesity, hypertension).

Figure 1. (A) Frequency of Overall DKA admissions in Islamic months. (B) Frequency of DKA admissions in Islamic months based on new versus pre-existent DM. (C) Frequency of DKA admissions in Islamic months based on the type of DM. (D) Frequency of DKA admissions in Islamic months based on the severity of DKA. X-axis represent number of DKA admissions and Y-axis represent Islamic calendar months.

Figure 2. (A) Frequency of DKA admissions in Roman months based on the severity of DKA. (B) Frequency of DKA admissions in Roman months based on new versus pre-existent DM. (C) Frequency of DKA admissions in Roman months based on the type of DM. X-axis represent the Roman calendar months and Y-axis represent number of DKA admissions.

Figure 3. (A) Frequency of DKA admissions in different seasons based on the severity of DKA. (B) Frequency of DKA admissions in different seasons based on the type of DM. (C) Frequency of DKA admissions in different seasons based on new versus pre-existent DM. X-axis represent the four seasons and Y-axis represent number of DKA admissions.

Data availability statement

Available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.