Cancer incidence and mortality trends in Asia based on regions and human development index levels: an analyses from GLOBOCAN 2020

Figures & data

Figure 1. Projected number of new cases for all cancers in men and women in 2040 according to the 4-tier HDI in Asia. The trends in cancer incidence were populated according to the latest HDI ranks (2019) as available in the HDR 2020 report. Increasing trends for cancer incidence were noted across all economies in males and females. Abbreviation. HDI, Human Development Index. Note: Very High HDI: Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Georgia, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, Turkey. High HDI: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Sri Lanka, China, Palestine, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Maldives, Mongolia, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Medium HDI: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Cambodia, India, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Timor-Leste, Syria, Tajikistan. Low HDI: Afghanistan and Yemen.

Figure 2. Projected number of mortalities for all cancers in men and women in 2040 according to the 4-tier HDI in Asia. The cancer mortality trends were populated according to the latest HDI ranks (2019) as available in the HDR 2020 report. Increasing trends for cancer mortalities were noted across all economies in males and females. Abbreviation. HDI, Human Development Index. Note: Very High HDI: Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Georgia, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, Turkey. High HDI: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Sri Lanka, China, Palestine, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Maldives, Mongolia, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Medium HDI: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Cambodia, India, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Timor-Leste, Syria, Tajikistan. Low HDI: Afghanistan and Yemen.

Table 1. Projected change in cancer incidence and mortality in men in 2040.

	Incidence					Mortality
	2020	2040	% change	ASR	CR	2020	2040	% change	ASR	CR
Eastern Asia	3,295,730			243.5	48.66	2,174,803			157.5	38.93
China	2,475,945	3,856,856	+55.8%	225.4	43.79	1,820,002	3,051,232	+67.6%	163.9	38.84
Japan	599,243	674,881	+12.6%	328.1	62.39	239,505	298,363	+24.6%	105.6	35.82
Republic of Korea	121,263	206,770	+70.5%	259.4	50.82	53,685	112,186	+109.0%	106	35.37
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea	27,121	40,964	+51.0%	181.4	36.95	20,943	32,083	+53.2%	140.6	30.97
Mongolia	3018	5757	+90.8%	257.6	47.79	2526	4978	+97.1%	224.4	47.22
South Central Asia	966,677			103.2	21.07	660,359			71.2	15.83
Afghanistan	10,528	21,627	+105.4%	107.7	22.18	8003	16,768	+109.5%	85.6	18.44
Bangladesh	88,075	155,110	+76.1%	119.3	22.1	63,541	114,372	+80.0%	87.1	17.34
Bhutan	311	578	+85.9%	82.9	16.79	265	497	+87.5%	71.6	14.65
India	646,030	1,035,543	+60.3%	95.7	19.02	438,297	714,683	+63.1%	65.4	13.93
Islamic Republic of Iran	70,704	141,065	+99.5%	165	40.93	46,436	94,194	+102.8%	107.9	32.98
Kazakhstan	16,690	27,217	+63.1%	192.7	36.5	11,258	18,587	+65.1%	130.7	27.45
Kyrgyzstan	3241	5909	+82.3%	145.3	29.58	2453	4521	+84.3%	110.6	23.65
Maldives	257	661	+157.2%	121.5	23.97	163	462	+183.4%	84.5	20.11
Nepal	8943	15,464	+72.9%	78.6	17.54	6244	11,117	+78.0%	56.1	13.76
Pakistan	88,015	155,190	+76.3%	107	20.48	60,783	108,770	+78.9%	75.6	15.85
Sri Lanka	14,136	19,301	+36.5%	107.9	20.38	8746	12,226	+39.8%	65.6	13.72
Tajikistan	2555	5170	+102.3%	90.6	23.88	1932	4031	+108.6%	71.4	20.06
Turkmenistan	3049	5158	+69.2%	131.7	22.75	2147	3731	+73.8%	95.1	17.8
Uzbekistan	14,143	25,837	+82.7%	108.4	22.09	10,091	18,741	+85.7%	78.4	17.12
South-Eastern Asia	526,190			159.2	33.45	373,795			114.1	28.4
Brunei Darussalam	448	1064	+137.5%	217	50.93	236	644	+172.9%	122.4	39.06
Cambodia	8418	15,829	+88.0%	149.3	30.86	6481	12,619	+94.7%	119.1	27.4
Indonesia	183,368	311,862	+70.1%	138.9	27.25	124,698	221,781	+77.9%	96.3	22.39
Lao People Democratic Republic	4532	8431	+86.0%	177.5	34.47	3520	6731	+91.2%	142.2	30.87
Malaysia	23,052	42,252	+83.3%	137.8	29.33	15,601	30,489	+95.4%	92.9	25
Myanmar	34,197	53,905	+57.6%	146.3	29.5	26,370	42,525	+61.3%	114.9	25.81
Philippines	67267	124,048	+84.4%	164.6	40.09	47,046	90,367	+92.1%	119.5	35.43
Singapore	12,196	26,347	+116.0%	238.4	51.14	7003	17,693	+152.6%	134	39.64
Thailand	93,425	148,896	+59.4%	173.1	39.04	68,087	114,720	+68.5%	122	33.11
Timor-Leste	371	626	+68.7%	86.4	21.93	272	474	+74.3%	66.2	19.4
Viet Nam	98,916	164,463	+66.3%	191.5	33.59	74,481	128,602	+72.7%	144.5	29.14
Western Asia	232,598			198.3	42.77	141,031			123.5	33.68
Armenia	4902	6309	+28.7%	257.5	48.67	3441	4532	+31.7%	175.7	40.69
Azerbaijan	8232	14,149	+71.9%	161.5	34.55	5730	10,224	+78.4%	113.7	28.72
Bahrain	572	1864	+225.9%	108.5	31.8	312	1162	+272.4%	68.1	25.67
Georgia	6654	7334	+10.2%	229.5	41.43	4523	5094	+12.6%	150.9	33.39
Iraq	14,070	30,087	+113.8%	127	28.45	9418	20,719	+120.0%	90.5	23.74
Israel	14,197	22,931	+61.5%	247.2	47.29	6789	12,057	+77.6%	104.6	31.97
Jordan	5311	10,530	+98.3%	154.6	34.31	3337	6906	+107.0%	102.2	27.23
Kuwait	1840	5878	+219.5%	101.3	27.74	948	3458	+264.8%	59.8	21.32
Lebanon	5787	10,101	+74.5%	159.1	36.6	3457	6446	+86.5%	94.4	28.12
Oman	2232	5518	+147.2%	108.4	21.26	1351	3741	+176.9%	73	16.95
Qatar	901	3799	+321.6%	101.4	29.55	465	2310	+396.8%	61.2	21.94
Saudi Arabia	14,253	32,689	+129.3%	89	21.32	7693	20,168	+162.2%	53.5	16.15
Syrian Arab Republic	9243	25,654	+177.6%	145.5	32.93	6398	18,378	+187.2%	103.7	27.65
Turkey	132,816	237,284	+78.7%	291.5	53.6	78,949	149,976	+90.0%	171.6	41.87
United Arab Emirates	2155	9202	+327.0%	82.5	25.93	1012	5174	+411.3%	46.9	19.7
Yemen	7159	14,106	+97.0%	92.7	23.2	5667	11,407	+101.3%	77.9	21.29

Analyses of projected percentage change in the incidence and mortalities for cancer in 2040 in men according to the geographical regions and countries showed increasing trends. Country-wise variations in age-standardized rates and cumulative risk for incidence and mortality were noted. Abbreviations. ASR, age-standardized rate; CR, cumulative risk.

Table 2. Projected change in cancer incidence and mortality in women in 2040.

	Incidence					Mortality
	2020	2040	% change	ASR	CR	2020	2040	% change	ASR	CR
Eastern Asia	2,712,625			196.7	34.18	1,442,301			92.9	24.19
China	209,2809	2,988,931	+42.8%	188.2	32.17	1,182,897	2,019,298	+70.7%	98.1	24.77
Democratic People Republic of Korea	30,535	41,208	+35.0%	152.2	27.52	19,020	27,103	+42.5%	90.5	20.35
Japan	429,415	453,176	5.50%	253.8	41.57	180,619	218,990	+21.2%	62.6	20.6
Mongolia	2696	5441	+101.8%	183.6	37.15	1943	4308	+121.7%	138.8	34.77
Republic of Korea	109,054	143,827	+31.9%	238.5	34.95	34,912	64,424	+84.5%	52.9	17.69
South Central Asia	985,166			102.5	17.69	598,324			63.1	12.93
Afghanistan	12,289	25,121	+104.4%	111.9	18.64	8015	16,626	+107.4%	78.1	14.47
Bangladesh	68,700	123,388	+79.6%	92.4	15.99	45,449	85,936	+89.1%	62.9	12.29
Bhutan	261	461	+76.6%	80.6	13.33	191	348	+82.2%	60.5	10.71
India	678,383	1,050,551	+54.9%	99.3	16.92	413,381	666,684	+61.3%	61	12.28
Islamic Republic of Iran	60,487	113,804	+88.1%	139	29.1	32,700	72,057	+120.4%	78.9	23.5
Kazakhstan	18,676	26,910	+44.1%	154.6	25.46	9701	14,641	+50.9%	78.3	15.69
Kyrgyzstan	3834	6562	+71.2%	123.5	23.22	2227	4016	+80.3%	73	15.86
Maldives	239	488	+104.2%	131.5	20.26	101	242	+139.6%	60.5	12.27
Nepal	11,565	20,900	+80.7%	82.6	16.54	7385	13,868	+87.8%	53.9	12.77
Pakistan	90,373	164,205	+81.7%	113.7	19.31	56,366	104,351	+85.1%	72.8	14.16
Sri Lanka	15,468	19,585	+26.6%	105.1	15.24	7945	10,787	+35.8%	50.8	9.07
Tajikistan	3167	6104	+92.7%	90.3	18.02	1911	3981	+108.3%	58.5	14
Turkmenistan	3848	5972	+55.2%	129.9	18.54	2188	3596	+64.4%	76.1	12.59
Uzbekistan	17,876	29,600	+65.6%	110.1	17.66	10,764	18,953	+76.1%	68.4	12.99
South Eastern Asia	573,847			149.3	25.64	315,298			80.8	18.82
Brunei Darussalam	539	992	+84.0%	235	40.7	198	480	+142.4%	94.4	27.26
Cambodia	9957	16,629	+67.0%	128	22.8	6157	10,958	+78.0%	81.9	18.3
Indonesia	213,546	333,574	+56.2%	145.4	22.8	109,813	189,456	+72.5%	75.9	15.78
Lao People Democratic Republic	4601	8190	+78.0%	157.4	26.54	2688	5068	+88.5%	96.6	20.81
Malaysia	25,587	44,414	+73.6%	151.4	26.46	13,929	26,780	+92.3%	82.2	20.32
Myanmar	40,396	60,536	+49.9%	131.7	24.24	26,571	42,566	+60.2%	87.6	19.99
Philippines	86,484	151,287	+74.9%	167.3	30.16	45,560	87,895	+92.9%	88.2	22.77
Singapore	11,436	19,686	+72.1%	234	40.85	5127	11,340	+121.2%	91.9	26.93
Thailand	97,211	141,292	+45.3%	159	29.43	56,779	95,300	+67.8%	83.6	21.84
Timor-Leste	443	763	+72.2%	94.6	18.35	267	469	+75.7%	58.9	14.47
Viet Nam	83,647	126,631	+51.4%	135.5	22.11	48,209	80,295	+66.6%	74.8	16.12
Western Asia	210,877			162.3	28.61	103,520			79.1	19.81
Armenia	4359	5807	+33.2%	166.6	31.73	2655	3779	+42.3%	93.4	23.49
Azerbaijan	8084	12,579	+55.6%	128.6	23.7	4736	8062	+70.2%	74.7	17.73
Bahrain	643	1403	+118.2%	130.7	23.3	281	734	+161.2%	65.6	16.71
Georgia	6527	6838	+4.8%	177.8	28.27	3692	4081	+10.5%	88.1	18.89
Iraq	19,803	39,633	+100.1%	144.6	24.6	10,368	21,780	+110.1%	81.2	18.08
Israel	14,507	21,234	+46.4%	238.3	39.27	6261	10,153	+62.2%	79.4	23.97
Jordan	6248	10,979	+75.7%	159.3	26.21	2853	5436	+90.5%	77.2	17.14
Kuwait	2002	4858	+142.7%	144.6	29.47	771	2510	+225.6%	71	21.77
Lebanon	5802	8594	+48.1%	159.8	26.48	2981	4823	+61.8%	80.2	17.82
Oman	1481	2969	+100.5%	108.7	15.23	678	1575	+132.3%	56.8	10.37
Qatar	581	1728	+197.4%	139.3	29.72	239	944	+295.0%	76.9	23.25
Saudi Arabia	13,632	27,740	+103.5%	111.9	20.15	5376	12,798	+138.1%	50	12.83
Syrian Arab Republic	11,716	29,957	+155.7%	155.3	25.75	6569	17,866	+172.0%	90	19.07
Turkey	101,018	155,504	+53.9%	188	31.13	47,386	83,430	+76.1%	81.4	20.6
United Arab Emirates	2652	6740	+154.1%	170.9	34.98	884	3077		79	24.59
Yemen	9317	18,364	+97.1%	102.2	21.3	6436	13,046	+102.7%	76.1	18.52

Analyses of projected percentage change in the incidence and mortalities for cancer in 2040 in women according to the geographical regions and countries showed increasing trends. Country-wise variations in age-standardized rates and cumulative risk for incidence and mortality were noted. Abbreviations. ASR, age-standardized rate; CR, cumulative risk.

Figure 3. Disparities in healthcare spending and access between HICs and LMICs. A significant disparity exists in the healthcare spending on cancer and access to cancer treatment among the HICs and LMICs. Abbreviations. HIC, high-income countries; LMIC, low- and middle-income countries.