Repeated measures of body mass index and waist circumference in the assessment of mortality risk in patients with myocardial infarction

Figures & data

Figure 1. Logit of mortality risk with 95% confidence intervals versus BMI and WC, adjusted for each other.

Table 1. Characteristics of the analysis sample, mean (±SD) or number (%).

Variable	n = 14,224
Age HIA (years)	62.0 (±8.3)
Female gender	3433 (24.1%)
Current smoker	4240 (29.8%)
Diabetes	2208 (15.5%)
Hypertension	5815 (40.9%)
Hyperlipidaemia	13,736 (96.6%)
Creatinine (µmol/L)	84.2 (±34.1)
Previous PCI	1601 (11.3%)
Previous MI	2104 (14.8%)
Previous stroke	537 (3.8%)
Previous CHF	443 (3.1%)
NSTEMI	8496 (59.7%)
PCI HIA	11,149 (78.4%)
CABG HIA	518 (3.6%)
BMI HIA (kg/m^2)	27.5 (±4.1)
BMI 2 months (kg/m^2)^a	27.5 (±4.2)
BMI 12 months (kg/m^2)^a	27.8 (±4.3)
WC 2 months (cm)^a	99.7 (±11.5)
WC 12 months (cm)^a	100.4 (±11.8)

^a Months after hospital discharge.

BMI = body mass index; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CHF = congestive heart failure; HIA = hospital stay; MI = myocardial infarction; NSTEMI = non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; WC = waist circumference.

Table 2. Associations between BMI and WC, and all-cause mortality (from one year after hospital discharge), n = 14,224 (721 deaths).

Variable	Effect	Basic model^b		Extended model^c
		HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
BMI 2 months^a	One SD (4.1 kg/m^2) increase	0.62 (0.54–0.72)	<0.0001	0.64 (0.56–0.74)	<0.0001
BMI change 2 months to 1 year^a	Decrease >0.6 kg/m^2	1.45 (1.19–1.76)	0.0002	1.43 (1.17–1.74)	0.0004
	Change ≤0.6 kg/m^2	1.00		1.00
	Increase >0.6 kg/m^2	0.96 (0.80–1.15)	0.66	0.92 (0.77–1.10)	0.36
WC 2 months^a	One SD (11.5 cm) increase	1.84 (1.59–2.13)	<0.0001	1.55 (1.34–1.79)	<0.0001
WC change 2 months to 1 year^a	Decrease >5.6 cm	0.80 (0.61–1.04)	0.09	0.82 (0.63–1.07)	0.15
	Change ≤5.6 cm	1.00		1.00
	Increase >5.6 cm	1.45 (1.18–1.78)	0.0005	1.22 (0.98–1.50)	0.07

^a Months after hospital discharge.

^b Adjusted for the other anthropometric variable, age, and gender.

^c Adjusted for the other anthropometric variable, age, gender, smoking, creatinine, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, previous myocardial infarction, previous stroke, previous congestive heart failure, diagnosis (STEMI/NSTEMI), percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and year of hospital discharge (2004–2013).

BMI = body mass index; HR = hazard ratio from Cox regression model; SD = standard deviation; WC = waist circumference.

Figure 2. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates (from one year after hospital discharge) by anthropometric groups: Low-BMI, Low-WC = BMI<25 kg/m², WC<102 (male)/88 (female) cm; Low-BMI, High-WC = BMI<25 kg/m², WC≥102/88 cm; High-BMI, Low-WC = BMI≥25 kg/m², WC<102/88 cm; High-BMI, High-WC = BMI≥25 kg/m², WC≥102/88 cm.