Cardiovascular risk factors are highly overrepresented in Swedish patients with psoriatic arthritis compared with the general population

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the patients (N = 692) with psoriatic arthritis, stratified by gender (332 men, 360 women).

	All*	Women*	Men*	p (women vs men)	OR (95% CI)
Gender	N/A	360 (52.0)	332 (48.0)	N/A	N/A
Age (years)	55.6 ± 11.4	56.4 ± 11.9	54.8 ± 10.8	0.066	N/A
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.7 ± 5.2	28.0 ± 6.1	27.5 ± 4.1	0.194	N/A
Normal weight	237 (34.2)	128 (35.6)	109 (32.8)	0.375	1.13 (0.83–1.55)
Overweight	250 (36.1)	112 (31.1)	138 (41.6)	0.004	0.64 (0.47–0.87)
Obesity	198 (28.6)	114 (31.7)	84 (25.3)	0.064	1.37 (0.98–1.91)
Current smokers	74 (10.7)	49 (13.6)	25 (7.5)	0.008	1.97 (1.19–3.28)
Former smokers	299 (43.2)	174 (48.3)	125 (37.7)	0.001	1.67 (1.22–2.27)
Ever-smokers	354 (51.1)	211 (58.6)	143 (43.1)	< 0.001	1.87 (1.38–2.53)
Non-smokers	338 (48.8)	149 (41.4)	189 (56.9)	< 0.001	0.53 (0.40–0.72)
Hypertension	279 (40.3)	148 (41.1)	131 (39.5)	0.554	1.10 (0.81–1.49)
Diabetes	73 (10.5)	41 (11.4)	32 (9.6)	0.410	1.23 (0.75–2.00)
Oral antidiabetics	46 (6.6)	25 (6.9)	21 (6.3)	0.701	1.13 (0.62–2.05)
Insulin	23 (3.3)	14 (3.9)	9 (2.7)	0.366	1.48 (0.63–3.46)
Hyperlipidaemia	129 (18.6)	72 (20.0)	57 (17.2)	0.289	1.23 (0.84–1.81)

*Data are shown as n (%) or mean ± sd.

BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; N/A, not applicable.

Definition of weight classes: normal weight = BMI < 25.0 kg/m²; overweight = BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m²; obesity = BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m².

Table 2. Study population stratified by gender and age groups compared with matched subjects from the general population.

	PsA women (n = 360), GP women (n = 4064)
	27–44 years				45–60 years				61–75 years
	PsA (n = 63)				PsA (n = 152)				PsA (n = 145)
	GP (n = 1207)				GP (n = 1394)				GP (n = 1463)
Age	PsA	GP	p	OR (95% CI)	PsA	GP	p	OR (95% CI)	PsA	GP	p	OR (95% CI)
BMI	27.7 ± 6.7	24.6 ± 4.7	< 0.001	N/A	28.5 ± 6.4	25.9 ± 4.7	< 0.001	N/A	27.6 ± 5.4	26.2 ± 4.6	0.001	N/A
Normal weight	27 (42.9)	770 (63.8)	0.001	0.43 (0.26–0.71)	46 (30.3)	677 (48.6)	< 0.001	0.46 (0.32–0.66)	55 (37.9)	632 (43.2)	0.174	0.80 (0.57–1.14)
Overweight	16 (25.4)	271 (22.5)	0.586	1.18 (0.66–2.11)	51 (33.6)	457 (32.8)	0.848	1.04 (0.73–1.48)	45 (31.0)	523 (35.7)	0.257	0.81 (0.56–1.17)
Obesity	19 (30.2)	143 (11.8)	< 0.001	3.21 (1.83–5.66)	52 (34.2)	234 (16.8)	< 0.001	2.58 (1.79–3.71)	43 (29.7)	269 (18.4)	0.001	1.87 (1.28–2.74)
Current smoking	9 (14.3)	132 (10.9)	0.387	1.38 (0.66–2.86)	23 (15.1)	196 (14.1)	0.686	1.09 (0.68–1.74)	17 (11.7)	184 (12.6)	0.866	0.92 (0.54–1.57)
Ever smoking	28 (44.4)	341 (28.3)	0.006	2.03 (1.22–3.39)	92 (60.5)	583 (41.8)	< 0.001	2.13 (1.52–3.00)	91 (62.8)	798 (54.5)	0.058	1.40 (0.99–2.00)
Hypertension	8 (12.7)	49 (4.1)	0.001	3.50 (1.58–7.76)	59 (38.8)	228 (16.4)	< 0.001	3.24 (2.27–4.63)	81 (55.9)	562 (38.4)	< 0.001	2.03 (1.44–2.86)
Diabetes	3 (4.8)	18 (1.5)	0.082	3.30 (0.95–11.52)	13 (8.6)	44 (3.2)	< 0.001	2.87 (1.51–5.46)	25 (17.2)	139 (9.5)	0.003	1.98 (1.25–3.16)
Hyperlipidaemia	2 (3.2)	N/A	N/A	N/A	29 (19.1)	N/A	N/A	N/A	41 (28.3)	N/A	N/A	N/A
	PsA men (n = 332), GP men (n = 3495)
	27–44 years				45–60 years				61–75 years
	PsA (n = 60)				GP (n = 1184)				PsA (n = 112)
	GP (n = 907)				PsA (n = 160)				GP (n = 1404)
Age	PsA	GP	p	OR (95% CI)	PsA	GP	p	OR (95% CI)	PsA	GP	p	OR (95% CI)
BMI	26.9 (4.2)	25.7 (4.2)	0.038	N/A	27.6 (4.1)	27.2 (4.2)	0.223	N/A	27.6 (4.1)	27.0 (4.0)	0.093	N/A
Normal weight	25 (41.7)	421 (46.4)	0.419	0.83 (0.49–1.40)	51 (31.9)	370 (31.3)	0.919	1.03 (0.72–1.47)	33 (29.5)	447 (31.8)	0.540	0.89 (0.59–1.36)
Overweight	21 (35.0)	370 (40.8)	0.376	0.78 (0.45–1.35)	67 (41.9)	571 (48.2)	0.131	0.78 (0.56–1.09)	50 (44.6)	684 (48.7)	0.406	0.85 (0.58–1.25)
Obesity	14 (23.3)	104 (11.5)	0.007	2.35 (1.25–4.42)	41 (25.6)	227 (19.2)	0.055	1.45 (0.99–2.13)	29 (25.9)	254 (18.1)	0.041	1.58 (1.02–2.47)
Current smoking	4 (6.7)	117 (12.9)	0.149	0.48 (0.17–1.36)	13 (8.1)	146 (12.3)	0.126	0.63 (0.35–1.14)	8 (7.1)	167 (11.9)	0.124	0.57 (0.27–1.19)
Ever smoking	16 (26.7)	232 (25.6)	0.852	1.06 (0.59–1.91)	57 (35.6)	402 (34.0)	0.675	1.08 (0.76–1.52)	70 (62.5)	765 (54.5)	0.101	1.39 (0.94–2.07)
Hypertension	9 (15.0)	54 (6.0)	0.006	2.79 (1.30–5.96)	61 (38.1)	289 (24.4)	< 0.001	1.91 (1.35–2.70)	61 (54.5)	619 (44.1)	0.034	1.52 (1.03–2.23)
Diabetes	1 (1.7)	15 (1.7)	1.000	1.01 (0.13–7.76)	12 (7.6)	70 (5.9)	0.431	1.29 (0.68–2.44)	19 (17.0)	182 (13.0)	0.229	1.37 (0.82–2.30)
Hyperlipidaemia	3 (5.0)	N/A	N/A	N/A	19 (11.9)	N/A	N/A	N/A	35 (31.3)	N/A	N/A	N/A

Data are shown as n (%) or mean ± sd.

PsA, psoriatic arthritis; GP, general population; BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; N/A, not applicable.

Definition of weight classes: normal weight = BMI < 25.0 kg/m²; overweight = BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m²; obesity = BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m².

Table 3. Number of cardiovascular risk factors (variables obesity, ever smoking, hypertension, diabetes) in the study population, separated by gender and compared with matched subjects from the general population.

Number of CV risk factors	PsA (n = 692)	GP (n = 7559)	p
All
0	177 (25.6)	3098 (41.0)	< 0.001
1	251 (36.3)	2828 (37.4)	0.553
2	151 (21.8)	1182 (15.6)	< 0.001
3	96 (13.9)	375 (5.0)	< 0.001
4	17 (2.4)	76 (1.0)	< 0.001
Women	PsA (n = 360)	GP (n = 4064)
0	77 (21.4)	1696 (41.7)	< 0.001
1	130 (36.1)	1567 (38.6)	0.360
2	78 (21.7)	599 (14.7)	< 0.001
3	68 (18.9)	165 (4.1)	< 0.001
4	7 (1.9)	37 (0.9)	0.058
Men	PsA (n = 332)	GP (n = 3495)
0	100 (30.2)	1402 (40.1)	< 0.001
1	121 (36.4)	1261 (36.1)	0.894
2	73 (22.0)	583 (16.7)	0.014
3	28 (8.4)	210 (6.0)	0.080
4	10 (3.0)	39 (1.1)	0.003

Data are shown as n (%).

CV, cardiovascular; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; GP, general population.