Field evaluation of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) for controlling stoats (Mustela erminea) in New Zealand

Figures & data

Figure 1  Location of the Waitutu field trial at Waitutu Forest, Fiordland National Park, New Zealand. Tracking tunnel lines and PAPP bait stations are marked.

Figure 2  Location of the Slaughter Burn field trial at Waitutu Forest, Fiordland National Park, New Zealand. Tracking tunnel lines and PAPP bait stations are marked.

Figure 3  Stoat tracking rates at the Waitutu South and Slaughter Burn field sites between February 2007 and November 2008. Arrows indicate deployment of PAPP at Waitutu South (August 2008) and Slaughter Burn (November 2008). Tracking tunnels were not run at the Waitutu South site post the Slaughter Burn PAPP trial (November 2008).

Figure 4  Timing of bait take by stoats over the five nights of the PAPP trials in the Waitutu South and Slaughter Burn field sites.

Table 1  Reported LD₅₀ values (the dose required to kill 50% of the sample population) for PAPP.

Species	LD50 (mg/kg)	Reference
Domestic cat (Felis catus)	5.6	Savarie et al. 1983
Dog (Canis familiaris)	7.5	Coleman et al., 1960
Stoat (Mustela erminea)	9.3	Fisher et al. 2005
Ferret (Mustela furo)	15.5	Fisher & O'Connor 2007
Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)	<25.2	Marks et al. 2004
Dama wallaby (Macropus eugenii)	89	Fisher et al. 2008
Rat (Rattus norvegicus, albino)	177	Savarie et al. 1983
Mouse (Mus musculus, albino)	223	Savarie et al. 1983
Brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)	≥500	Fisher et al. 2008
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos Pekin breed)	32	Eason et al. 2010
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos Pekin breed)	38	Fisher et al. 2008
Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoenicus)	133	Savarie et al. 1983
Blackbird (Turdus merula)	174	Eason et al. 2010
Black-billed magpie (Pica pica)	178	Savarie et al. 1983
Common crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)	≥178	Savarie et al. 1983
Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix)	>316	Savarie et al. 1983
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)	>316	Savarie et al. 1983
Weka (Gallirallus australis)	568	Eason et al. 2010
Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen)	1388	Eason et al. 2010

Savarie , PJ , Pan , HP , Hayes , DJ , Roberts , JD , Dasch , GJ , Felton , R and Schafer , EW . 1983 . Comparative acute oral toxicity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in mammals and birds . Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , 30 : 122 – 126 .

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Coleman , IW , Little , PE and Grant , GA . 1960 . The induction of methaemoglobinemia as an adjunct to therapy for tabun poisoning . Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology , 38 : 667 – 672 .

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Fisher , P and O'Connor , C . 2007 . Oral toxicity of p-aminopropiophenone to ferrets . Wildlife Research , 34 : 19 – 24 .

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