Figures & data
Figure 1 Water consumption (g) of rats (mean±SEM, n=8) before and after treatment with either defensive frog skin secretions (triangles) or water control (circles).
Table 1 Summary of linear mixed-effects models for changes in water and food consumption of rats before and after (BA) treatment with water or Leiopelma pakeka skin secretions.
Figure 2 Food consumption (g) of rats (n=8) before and after treatment with either defensive frog skin secretions (triangles) or water control (circles).
Figure 3 Behaviour of rats before and after treatment with either skin secretions from Leiopelma pakeka (black bars) or water (white bars). Bars show the mean percentage of time (±95% confidence intervals) spent in these behaviours. A, Grooming. B, Rising on hind legs. C, Investigating. D, Motionless.
Figure 4 Mean (±SEM) amount of food pellets consumed (g) by rats in choice trials. Food pellets were coated with either skin secretions from Leiopelma pakeka or water.
Figure 5 Haemolytic activity of crude and partially purified skin secretions of Leiopelma pakeka against rat erythrocytes (% haemolysis±SEM). Haemolysis was determined by measurement of the optical density at 450 nm of the supernatant and compared to complete haemolysis achieved with a water control. Error bars are not visible when less than symbol size.
Figure 6 Deceased Leiopelma archeyi found in the wild. A, Ventral side shows rat bite marks in the throat (white arrow) and opened body cavity (arrowhead). B, Dorsal side shows no bite marks, except at the snout (white arrow). Crown copyright: Department of Conservation–Te Papa Atawhai.
