Spider and harvestmen biodiversity in New Zealand horticultural ecosystems

Figures & data

Figure 1. Total spider, total adult spider, and total immature spider counts (per sample per site), and adults as a percentage of total spiders from sampling at three different New Zealand locations. Error bars are 95% confidence limits. Sampling methods are described in the text.

Figure 2. Total numbers of spiders caught per sample for each main family observed at three different New Zealand locations. Error bars are 95% confidence limits. Where the mean is 0, the upper limit is difficult to obtain, so is not shown. Sampling methods are described in the text.

Table 1. Numbers of adult spiders of each sex found for each species from three different New Zealand locations. Families are in decreasing order of prevalence. ^E= New Zealand Endemic, ^N= New Zealand Native, ^I= Introduced, ^U= Unknown status. M = male, F = female.

Family	# of species	Species	M	F	Total
Lycosidae	1	Anoteropsis hilaris^E	86	21	107
Linyphiidae	3	Tenuiphantes tenuis^I	62	24
		Ostearius melanopygius^I	2	1
		Erigone prominens^I	0	1	90
Theridiidae	7	Steatoda capensis^I	9	5
		Steatoda lepida^E	0	2
		Cryptachaea veruculata^N	12	8
		Cryptachaea blattea^I	6	11
		Theridiidae sp. 1^U	1	0
		Phycosoma oecobioides^E	3	0
		Theridiidae sp. 2^U	1	4	62
Araneidae	4	Salsa fuliginata^I	1	5
		Socca pustulosa^I	0	3
		Araneidae sp.^U	0	1
		Celaenia excavata^I	0	1	11
Desidae	2	Badumna longuina^I	2	5
		Badumna insignis^I	1	2	10
Gnaphosidae	3	Intruda signata^I	2	3
		Anzacia gemmea^E	1	1
		Nauhea tapa^E	1	0	8
Salticidae	3	Holoplatys apressus^E	1	0
		Trite auricoma^E	1	0
		Mariatus griseus^I	2	1	5
Micropholcommatidae	1	Micropholcommatidae sp.^E	2	1	3
Dysderidae	1	Dysdera crocata^I	1	1	2
Corinnidae	1	Nyssus coloripes^I	1	0	1
Lamponidae	1	Lampona cylindrata^I	0	1	1
Amaurobiidae	1	Amaurobiidae sp.^U	1	0	1
Theridiosomatidae	1	Baalzebub sp.^E	0	1	1

Figure 3. Total numbers of Opiliones caught per sample at three different New Zealand locations. Error bars are 95% confidence limits. Where the mean is 0, the upper limit is difficult to obtain, so is not shown. Sampling methods are described in the text.

Table 2. Percentages of spiders found for different sampling methods in each family from three different New Zealand locations. Sampling methods are described in the text.

Family	ActiveDay	ActiveNight	Pitfall	Sweepnet
Araneidae	64.4	69.7	1.2	40.0
Lycosidae	1.3	1.9	52.3	2.9
Theridiidae	22.5	18.6	6.8	14.3
Linyphiidae	6.2	1.4	35.0	8.6
Desidae	1.3	5.5	0.5	11.4
other	4.2	3.1	4.2	22.9

Table 3. Average numbers of spiders per New Zealand site caught for each main family (95% Confidence limits). * where the mean is 0, the upper limit is difficult to obtain, so is not shown. Sampling methods are described in the text.

Family	Method	Waipara vineyards	Motueka apples	Kerikeri kiwifruit
Araneidae	ActiveDay	12.7 (5.0,32.3)	4.0 (0.8,21.1)	49.0 (30.5,78.8)
	ActiveNight	41.3 (24.6,69.4)	13.0 (5.2,32.7)	82.0 (56.8,118.4)
	Pitfall	0.3 (0.0,106.4)	1.3 (0.1,23.8)	0.0 (0.0,*)
	Sweepnet	2.3 (0.3,20.6)	0.0 (0.0,*)	2.3 (0.3,20.6)
Lycosidae	ActiveDay	0.0 (0.0,*)	0.7 (0.0,38.4)	0.7 (0.0,38.4)
	ActiveNight	2.0 (0.2,20.8)	1.7 (0.1,21.7)	0.0 (0.0,*)
	Pitfall	27.3 (14.5,51.5)	43.7 (26.5,72.1)	0.3 (0.0,103.1)
	Sweepnet	0.0 (0.0,*)	0.3 (0.0,103.1)	0.0 (0.0,*)
Theridiidae	ActiveDay	0.7 (0.0,23.5)	3.3 (0.7,16.4)	19.0 (9.7,37.0)
	ActiveNight	3.3 (0.7,16.4)	5.7 (1.7,19.2)	27.3 (15.7,47.7)
	Pitfall	0.7 (0.0,23.5)	4.0 (0.9,17.1)	4.7 (1.2,17.9)
	Sweepnet	0.0 (0.0,*)	0.3 (0.0,51.4)	1.3 (0.1,16.6)
Linyphiidae	ActiveDay	3.3 (0.6,18.0)	1.0 (0.0,21.8)	2.0 (0.2,17.7)
	ActiveNight	0.7 (0.0,29.1)	2.0 (0.2,17.7)	0.0 (0.0,*)
	Pitfall	21.7 (11.2,42.0)	20.3 (10.3,40.3)	5.7 (1.6,20.7)
	Sweepnet	0.3 (0.0,69.5)	0.0 (0.0,*)	0.7 (0.0,29.1)
Desidae	ActiveDay	0.0 (0.0,*)	0.0 (0.0,*)	1.3 (0.4,4.4)
	ActiveNight	4.0 (2.0,8.0)	2.0 (0.8,5.3)	4.7 (2.5,8.8)
	Pitfall	0.0 (0.0,*)	0.7 (0.1,3.6)	0.0 (0.0,*)
	Sweepnet	0.0 (0.0,*)	0.0 (0.0,*)	1.3 (0.4,4.4)
Others	ActiveDay	2.0 (0.6,6.4)	2.3 (0.8,6.9)	2.7 (1.0,7.3)
	ActiveNight	3.3 (1.3,8.3)	2.7 (1.0,7.3)	2.7 (1.0,7.3)
	Pitfall	5.0 (2.4,10.5)	0.7 (0.1,5.1)	0.3 (0.0,5.8)
	Sweepnet	1.3 (0.3,5.6)	1.3 (0.3,5.6)	1.7 (0.5,6.0)

Figure 4. Total numbers of adult spiders caught per sample per site for each main family observed at three different New Zealand locations. Error bars are 95% confidence limits. Where the mean is 0, the upper limit is difficult to obtain, so is not shown. Sampling methods are described in the text.

Figure 5. Total numbers of immature spiders caught per sample per site for each main family observed at three different New Zealand locations. Error bars are 95% confidence limits. Where the mean is 0, the upper limit is difficult to obtain, so is not shown.

Figure 6. The percentages of spiders caught that were adults out of the total, for each of the families when sampled at three different New Zealand locations. Error bars are 95% confidence limits. Where the mean is 0 (or 100), the upper (or lower) limit is difficult to obtain, so is not shown. Sampling methods are described in the text.