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Articles

Biodiversity of indigenous tussock grassland sites in Otago, Canterbury and the Central North Island of New Zealand VI. Coleoptera biodiversity, community structure, exotic species invasion, and the effect of disturbance by agricultural development

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Pages 217-239 | Received 11 Oct 2010, Accepted 17 Jan 2011, Published online: 16 Jun 2011

Figures & data

Table 1  Location, land tenure, rainfall for study sites and treatments, and sampling dates.

Figure 1 Total density (n/m2) of the 15 most speciose families from each site shown for each treatment in order of abundance in the native tussock treatments.

Figure 1  Total density (n/m2) of the 15 most speciose families from each site shown for each treatment in order of abundance in the native tussock treatments.

Figure 2 Number of species in the 15 most speciose families from each site shown for each treatment plotted in order of abundance in the native tussock treatments.

Figure 2  Number of species in the 15 most speciose families from each site shown for each treatment plotted in order of abundance in the native tussock treatments.

Table 2  Summary of Coleoptera families, species richness (S), density, total and exotic species found at each site and vegetation type, and percentage of species in three main trophic groups.

Figure 3 Coleoptera species accumulation curves for Deep Stream and Mount Benger, showing 95% confidence limits (fine solid and dashed lines).

Figure 3  Coleoptera species accumulation curves for Deep Stream and Mount Benger, showing 95% confidence limits (fine solid and dashed lines).

Table 3  Species diversity indices for each site and treatment.

Figure 4 Rank-abundance curves for A, sites and B, treatments.

Figure 4  Rank-abundance curves for A, sites and B, treatments.

Figure 5 Bray-Curtis cluster analysis for sites and treatments.

Figure 5  Bray-Curtis cluster analysis for sites and treatments.

Figure 6 Values for distance from lognormal fitted for A, mean of all sites excluding Cass for each vegetation treatment; B, each site and treatment. The closer χ2/n is to zero, the better the fit to a lognormal distribution, and hence the least disturbed as indicated by the distribution of Coleoptera species abundance across species.

Figure 6  Values for distance from lognormal fitted for A, mean of all sites excluding Cass for each vegetation treatment; B, each site and treatment. The closer χ2/n is to zero, the better the fit to a lognormal distribution, and hence the least disturbed as indicated by the distribution of Coleoptera species abundance across species.

Figure 7 Mean number (±SE) A, and density (±SE) B, of exotic Coleoptera species in the three vegetation types at each locality; mean density per taxon (±SE) C, of native and exotic Coleoptera in each vegetation type for all four sites.

Figure 7  Mean number (±SE) A, and density (±SE) B, of exotic Coleoptera species in the three vegetation types at each locality; mean density per taxon (±SE) C, of native and exotic Coleoptera in each vegetation type for all four sites.

Table 4  Distribution of exotic Coleoptera species between vegetation treatments.

The table shows trophic group (C=carnivore, CR = carrion feeder, F=fungivore, H=herbivore) and vegetation types in which species were found at each treatment (N=native, O=oversown and C=cultivated).

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