Ammonia oxidisers and their inhibition to reduce nitrogen losses in grazed grassland: a review

Figures & data

Figure 1. Simplified diagram showing animal urine-N as the main source for N₂O emissions and leaching losses in a grazed grassland, and the point of intervention by a nitrification inhibitor (from Di & Cameron 2016).

Figure 2. AOB amoA gene abundance as affected by the application of dairy cattle urine (1000 kg N ha⁻¹) and the nitrification inhibitor DCD in a dairy pasture soil (from Di et al. 2009a).

Figure 3. AOA amoA gene abundance as affected by the application of animal urine (1000 kg N ha⁻¹) and the nitrification inhibitor DCD (Di et al. 2010b).

Figure 4. Example breakthrough curve showing the effect of DCD applied at 10 kg DCD ha⁻¹ on concentration from animal urine applied at 1000 kg N ha⁻¹ (from Di et al. 2009b).

Figure 5. Daily N₂O emissions from a Lismore soil from dairy cattle urine with and without DCD (10 kg DCD ha⁻¹) showing the effect of DCD on N₂O emissions (after Di & Cameron 2006).

Figure 6. Relationship between the concentrations of and cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and K⁺) in the leachate from the lysimeters (from Di & Cameron 2005).

Di HJ, Cameron KC. 2016. Inhibition of nitrification to mitigate nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions in grazed grassland: a review. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 16:1401–1420. doi:10.1007/s11368-016-1403-8.

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Di HJ, Cameron KC, Shen JP, Winefield CS, O’Callaghan M, Bowatte S, He J-Z. 2009a. Nitrification driven by bacteria and not archaea in nitrogen-rich grassland soils. Nature Geoscience. 2:621–624. doi: 10.1038/ngeo613

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Di HJ, Cameron KC, Sherlock RR, Shen JP, He J-Z, Winefield CS. 2010b. Nitrous oxide emissions from grazed grassland as affected by a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, and relationships with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 10:943–954. doi: 10.1007/s11368-009-0174-x

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Di HJ, Cameron KC, Shen JP, He J-Z, Winefield CS. 2009b. A lysimeter study of nitrate leaching from grazed grassland as affected by a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, and relationships with ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea. Soil Use and Management. 25:454–461. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-2743.2009.00241.x

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Di HJ, Cameron KC. 2006. Nitrous oxide emissions from two dairy pasture soils as affected by different rates of a fine particle suspension nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 42:472–480. doi: 10.1007/s00374-005-0038-5

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