The Impact of INGO Climate Shaming on National Laws

Figures & data

Figure 1. Number of climate laws passed per year.

Table 1. Total number of climate law events per region.

Region	Average climate laws	Percentage
Asia and Pacific	293	22%
Western Europe and North America	271	21%
Sub Saharan Africa	247	19%
Latin American and the Caribbean	239	18%
Eastern Europe and Central Asia	162	12%
Middle East and North Africa	103	8%

Table 2. The top 10 most and least shamed.

Top 10 most shamed	Top 10 least shamed
USA	Tonga
Australia	Montenegro
United Kingdom	Moldova
Germany	Mauritania
France	Uzbekistan
Poland	Slovenia
India	Djibouti
Brazil	Yemen
Argentina	Serbia
China	Gabon

Table 3. The impact of INGO shaming on climate laws.

Independent variables	Model 1	M 2	M 3	M 4	M 5
INGO climate shaming	1.000***	1.720***	1.481***	1.336***	1.551***
	(0.000)	(0.138)	(0.138)	(0.111)	(0.199)
Democracy			3.110***	2.401***	0.930
			(0.896)	(0.528)	(0.747)
Climate agreements			1.090	1.052	1.208
			(0.169)	(0.136)	(0.274)
Economic development			0.889	0.883	0.551
			(0.172)	(0.127)	(0.249)
Trade openness			0.999	1.000	1.003
			(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.004)
CO2 per capita			1.230	1.146	1.504
			(0.351)	(0.242)	(1.012)
Federal			0.403**	0.501*
			(0.163)	(0.196)
Urbanization			0.998	0.998	1.044*
			(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.027)
Previous number of climate laws				1.099***	0.716***
				(0.024)	(0.032)
Cube spline 1				1.027***	1.022*
				(0.009)	(0.011)
Cube spline 2				0.987***	0.989**
				(0.005)	(0.006)
Cube spline 3				1.003**	1.004**
				(0.001)	(0.002)
Constant	0.053***	0.020***	0.066*	0.115*
	(0.027)	(0.011)	(0.103)	(0.139)
Year-fixed	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Country-fixed	No	No	No	No	Yes
Observations	3,564	3,564	2,877	2,877	2,846

Robust standard error in parentheses; *** p < .01, ** p < .05, * p < .1

Figure 2. Number of shamed countries per year.

Figure 3. (a–c) Conditional Marginal Effects of INGO Climate Shaming (95% confidence intervals).