Energy management strategy based on convex optimization for fuel cell/battery/ultracapacitor hybrid vehicle

Abstract

For a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) powered by a fuel cell (FC), a battery (BAT) and an ultracapacitor (UC), an improved convex-optimization-based energy management strategy (EMS) is proposed in this article. To protect the fuel cell and the battery from peak power, an adaptive fuzzy filter is used to complete the frequency decoupling of the power demand. Subsequently, an adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) is introduced to improve fuel economy. To improve the optimality of the EMS obtained, an improved convex optimization method is utilized by introducing a slack variable and a barrier function. Finally, based on experimental data and an improved convex optimization algorithm, the optimal EMS is calculated and verified by a series of simulations under different driving cycles. Simulation results confirm that, compared with the traditional ECMS-based EMS, the proposed EMS can improve fuel economy and achieve lower power fluctuation and optimal FC efficiency for the FCHEV.

Keywords:

• Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle
• energy management strategy
• adaptive fuzzy filter
• convex optimization
• equivalent consumption minimization strategy

Acknowledgments

Jinpeng Liu: conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing original draft; Zhumu Fu: writing review and editing, supervision, funding acquisition; Fazhan Tao: project administration, funding acquisition; Longyin Jiao: visualization; Qihong Chen: writing review and editing.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Zhumu Fu, upon reasonable request.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This article was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 62201200]; the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in the University of Henan Province [Grant 23HASTIT021]; the Key Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Henan Province [22A413002]; the Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province [Grants 212102210153 and 222102240009]; Postdoctoral Research Grants in Henan Province [Grant 202003077]; the Science and Technology Development Plan of the Joint Research Program of Henan [Grant 222103810036]; the Open Fund of Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Electromechanical Control [Grants IMMEC2022001 and IMMEC2022002]; the Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province [Grant YJS2021AL035]; the Academic Degrees & Graduate Education Reform Project of Henan Province [Grant 2021SJGLX141Y].