Property Rights and Labour Relations: Explaining the Relative Success of Native Purchase Area Farmers in Southern Rhodesia, 1930–1965

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map showing the NPAs, Reserves and Crown Land in Southern Rhodesia, 1931–1962. (Source: Adapted from Native Department, reproduced by H.A. Cartography, April 2020.)

Figure 2. Number of Africans in NPAs in Southern Rhodesia, 1936–1960. (Source: PRO DO 64/25-88, Chief Native Commissioner Reports, 1936–1960.)

Table 1. Estimated maize yields per acre (203-lb bags) in native reserves and Native Purchase Areas (NPAs), 1951–1958

Year	Total production: native reserves (203-lb bags)	Average yields (bags/acre)	Total production: NPAs (203-lb bags)	Average yields (bags/acre)
1953	5,734,900	2.3	260,400	3.3
1954	5,798,225	2.2	294,213	4.1
1955	5,861,550	2.1	320,000	3.5
1956	5,924,875	2.0	474,254	4.7
1957	5,988,200	1.9	n/a	4.1
1958	6,051,527	1.8	430,278	3.5

Source: Andersson and Green, ‘Development Under the Surface’, p. 140.

Table 2. Farm implements in Darwin and Chiweshe

Implement	Average number per farm		Percentage of farms with at least one
	Chiweshe	Darwin	Chiweshe	Darwin
Single furrow plow	1.04	1.7	100	100
Disc plow	0	0.05	0	5
Ridge plow	0	0.05	0	5
Double furrow plow	0	0.05	0	5
Planter	0.02	0.7	2	70
Cultivator	0.77	1.6	83	100
Simple harrow	0.29	0.9	27	85
Disc harrow	0	0.05	0	5
Sheller	0.02	0.25	2	25
Scotch cart	0.21	0.85	25	85
Water cart	0	0.15	0	15
Mower	0	0.05	0	5
Tractor	0	0.1	0	5

Source: Massell and Johnson, ‘Economics of Smallholder Farming in Rhodesia’, p. 18.

Table 3. Total hours worked per crop in Chiweshe and Darwin

Crop	Chiweshe	Darwin
Maize	610	2,666
Groundnuts	310	1,833
Millet	187	587
Total	1,107	5,096

Source: Massell and Johnson, ‘Economics of Smallholder Farming in Rhodesia’, p. 22.

Table 4. Hours worked per acre, crop and operation in Chiweshe and Darwin

Operation	Corn		Peanuts		Millet		Total
	Chiweshe	Darwin	Chiweshe	Darwin	Chiweshe	Darwin	Chiweshe	Darwin
Manure application	6.73	18.55		0	0	0	6.73	18.55
Plowing and planting	15.79	20.35	37.89	42.12	25.47	14.24	20.01	24.74
Weeding, transplanting and cultivating	34.49	66.25	64.79	75.66	79.37	77.14	43.62	70.07
Harvesting	19.87	68.17	98.22	215.76	61.06	109.37	36.45	107.81
Total	76.88	173.32	200.90	333.54	165.90	200.75	106.81	221.17

Source: Massell and Johnson, ‘Economics of Smallholder Farming in Rhodesia’, p. 23.

Table 5. Hours worked per farm by labour group and crop

Crop	Men		Women		Children		Hired labourers		Social
	Chiweshe	Darwin	Chiweshe	Darwin	Chiweshe	Darwin	Chiweshe	Darwin	Chiweshe	Darwin
Maize	226	1,103	287	1,252	191	265	0	156	0	44
Groundnuts	93	748	177	945	79	207	0	30	0	10
Millet	61	231	99	306	54	45	0	12	0	85
Total	380	2,082	563	2,503	324	517	0	198	0	85

Source: Massell and Johnson, ‘Economics of Smallholder Farming in Rhodesia’, p. 22.