Promoting Women’s Political Participation in Tanzania: Assessing Voluntary Gender Quotas in CCM’s and CHADEMA’s Constitutions

Figures & data

Table 1. CHADEMA national leaders, 1992–2023

	National leadership positions	1992–2005		2006–14		2014–19		2019–24
		Female	male	female	male	female	male	female	male
1	National chairperson		✓		✓		✓		✓
2	Deputy chairperson – Zanzibar		✓		✓		✓		✓
3	Deputy chairperson – Mainland		✓		✓		✓		✓
4	General secretary		✓		✓		✓		✓
5	Deputy general secretary – Zanzibar		✓		✓		✓		✓
6	Deputy general secretary – Mainland		✓		✓		✓		✓

Source: Interview with Reginald Munisi, Director of Elections, Dar es Salaam, 6 April 2023.

Table 2. CCM national leaders, 1992–2023

	National leadership positions	1992–2005		2006–14		2014–19		2019–24
		Female	male	female	male	female	male	female	male
1	National chairperson		✓		✓		✓	✓
2	Deputy chairperson – Zanzibar		✓		✓		✓		✓
3	Deputy chairperson – Mainland		✓		✓		✓		✓
4	General secretary		✓		✓		✓		✓
5	Deputy general secretary – Zanzibar		✓		✓		✓		✓
6	Deputy general secretary – Mainland		✓		✓		✓	✓	✓

Source: Interview with CCM leader, Dar es Salaam, 13 April 2023.

Table 3. Composition of men and women delegates in key national decision-making organs/meetings in CHADEMA and CCM after recent internal elections

	Type of decision-making organ/ meeting	CHADEMA (2019 internal elections)				CCM (2022 internal elections)
		women	men	total	women as proportion of total	women	men	total	women as proportion of total
					%				%
1	National General Assembly/ National Convention	100	893	993	10	540	1,381	1,921	28
2	National Executive	40	427	467	8.6	47	154	201	23
3	National Central Committee	8	43	51	15.6	6	18	24	25
4	National Secretariat	1	9	10	10	2	10	12	16.7

Sources: Information on CHADEMA was given in an interview with Reginald Munisi, Dar es Salaam, 6 April 2023. Information on CCM was given in an interview with a CCM leader (anonymous), Dar es Salaam, 13 April 2023.

Table 4. Number of male and female candidates nominated for national elections by CHADEMA, 1995–2020

	Position	1995		2000		2005		2010		2015		2020
		female	male	female	male	female	male	female	male	female	male	female	male
1	Presidential candidate	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1
2	Running mate	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	1
3	Members of Parliament	4	156	6	61	133	11	25	154	13	171	58	153
4	Councillors	7	490	data not available	data not available	56	1037	78	1,786	107	3,228	143	2,648

Source: Compiled from National Electoral Commission reports of the 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 general elections, available at https://www.nec.go.tz/publications/54.

Table 5. Number of male and female candidates nominated for national elections by CCM, 1995–2020

	Position	1995		2000		2005		2010		2015		2020
		female	male	female	male	female	male	female	male	female	male	Female	male
1	Presidential candidate	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1
2	Running mate	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	0
3	Members of Parliament	7	225	12	208	19	213	24	215	24	240	239	24
4	Councillors	26	2,383	data not available	data not available	131	2,421	223	3,102	264	3,682	264	3,689

Source: Compiled from National Electoral Commission reports of the 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 general elections, available at https://www.nec.go.tz/publications/54.