Interest, motivation and attitude towards science and technology at K-12 levels: a systematic review of 12 years of educational research

Figures & data

Table 1. Provenance of selected articles, by continent.

Region	Number of published papers	Approximate proportion of papers in the database (%)
North America	86	37
Europe	58	25
Middle East	36	16
Asia	32	14
Oceania	12	5
Africa	8	3
South America	0	0

Figure 1. Origin of selected articles, by country.

Table 2. Categories of articles.

Category	Number of published papers	Approximate proportion of papers in the database (%)
Articles without research results	17	6
Validation of I/M/A measurement instruments	12	4
Portraits of students’ I/M/A	169	57
Effects of interventions on I/M/A	97	33

Table 3. Subcategories of the portraits of students’ I/M/A category.

Topic	Number of articles	Examples
Boy/girl differences	50	[99]
School-related variables	31	[154]
Decline of I/M/A with age or school year	24	[170]
Performance and self-efficacy	23	[2]
S&T careers	13	[99]
International differences	12	[149]
Sociological variables	8	[155]
Correlations with other variables	8	[224]

Table 4. Subcategories of the effects of interventions on I/M/A category.

Interventions	Number of articles	Examples
Summer camps/competitions/science fairs/field trips	18	[162]
Inquiry- or problem-based learning/hands-on	17	[2]
ICT	10	[65]
Collaborative work	9	[106]
Contextualisation	9	[143]
Science museums	7	[96]
Contact with role models	5	[197]
Gender-specific	6	[88]
Teacher training	3	[206]
Multi-angle massive programmes	2	[141]
Evaluation-based	2	[49]
Other interventions	9	[158]

Table 5. Main studied constructs.

Construct	Number of published papers	Approximate proportion of papers in the database (%)
Interest	63	27
Motivation	49	21
Attitude	121	52

Table 6. Data sources used.