Whose security? Politics, risks and alternatives for climate security practices in agrarian-environmental perspectives

Figures & data

Table 1. Typology of interventions in the review.

SS = state security, HS = human security, IS = international security.

Table 2. Intentions of practices per climate security frame.

Frame	Intention of practices
International security
	International/regional collaboration and diplomacy for reducing pressures on resources, loss of land and lives, migration across borders
	- Position-taking of states on military security in the United Nations Security Council
	- Agreements on resource sharing in interregional organisations
	- Providing overviews of risk to human lives and to military deployment by mapping geographic regions
State security
	Increasing military security
	- Securing military bases and installations
	- Providing support and guidance to the military on its readiness for deployment in the case of climate change events and to address climate change effects
	- Reducing ecological footprint of army
	Increasing political security
	- Reducing contestation and conflict due to climate change impacts on natural resources
	- Reducing forced migration due to climate disasters
	- Reducing migration due to reduction of livelihood opportunities as a result of reduction of available natural resources
	- Stimulating collaboration across different segments of society
Human security
	Freedom from need – violence, crime
	- Avoiding loss of life due to extreme weather events
	- Reducing competition for scarce resources among groups and individuals, caused by climate change
	Freedom from want – poverty, food security, water security
	- Preparing for climate change impacts, such as extreme weather events, that can harm housing, infrastructure, belongings and livelihoods
	- Improving the capacity to deal with extreme weather events
	- Contributing to resilience of people and their livelihoods
	- Evaluating a range of dimensions of climate security to prioritise policy interventions

Table

Set	Category	Keyword
Set 1	Climate change	Climate change, global warming
Set 2	Climate security discourse	Climate security, environmental peacebuilding
Set 3	Climate practice	Climate action, adaptation, mitigation, conservation, climate finance*, energy transition