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International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry Volume 92, 2012 - Issue 5
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Original Articles

Determination of atenolol in environmental water samples and pharmaceutical formulations at a graphite-epoxy composite electrode

Carolina M.F. Calixto Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
,
Priscila Cervini Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
&
Éder T.G. Cavalheiro Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, BrazilCorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 561-570 | Received 07 Jul 2009, Accepted 05 Dec 2009, Published online: 11 Oct 2011
 
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Abstract

A bare graphite-epoxy composite was evaluated as an electrode material in the determination of atenolol in natural water samples and pharmaceutical formulations for which the analyte was spiked. Using a DPV procedure, a linear response was observed in the 4.45–84.7 µmol L−1 range with a LOD = 2.23 µmol L−1, without need of surface renewal between successive runs, and recoveries between 92.5 and 107.5% for pharmaceutical formulations. The results obtained from the proposed procedure agreed with HPLC results within a 95% confidence level. During the determination of atenolol in water samples, recoveries between 96.1 and 102.6% were found.

Acknowledgement

The authors are indebted to the Brazilian agency FAPESP for PC and CMFC fellowships, and financial support (Grant 08/03537-7).

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