Furan-2-carbaldehyde removal by electrocoagulation process employing scrap iron packed as a sacrificial anode

ABSTRACT

In this study, a new sacrificial anode comprised of scrap iron packaged in a polyethylene mesh chamber for Furan-2-carbaldehyde removal using the electrocoagulation (EC) process was fabricated. Therefore, the influences of different operational parameters, such as solution pH, current intensity, initial Furan-2-carbaldehyde concentration, and detention time on the process performance at the batch hydraulic reactor were investigated. Due to the large surface area of the anode, the applied current intensity was low, which led to high efficiency for the Furan-2-carbaldehyde removal (> 97%) at low operating voltage and energy consumption (5.4 kWh/m³). The experimental results corresponded well to the first-order kinetic model. The mineralization values for Furan-2-carbaldehyde using the EC process were 46.5% and 75.5% for total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. Moreover, the EC process shows the biodegradability was significantly increased compared to the initial solution after 120 min of reaction time. Based on the LC-MS analysis, the major produced intermediates and the degradation pathway of Furan-2-carbaldehyde were proposed. Consequently, on the contrary plate electrodes, the use of scrap iron as a sacrificial anode increases efficiency and reduces the total required operating costs for energy and electrodes.

KEYWORDS:

• Furan-2-carbaldehyde
• electrocoagulation process
• scrap iron
• sacrificial anode
• batch reactor

Nomenclature

AOP Advanced Oxidation Process

EC Electrocoagulation

EF Electroflotation

EO Electrooxidation

DC Direct Current

HRT Hydraulic Retention Time

LC-MS Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L)

TOC Total Organic Carbon (mg/L)

AOS Average Oxidation State

COS Carbon Oxidation State

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences for providing Research materials, equipment, and fund.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences [990216854].