Effects of ethanol on brain and pancreas weights, serum sodium and potassium, and haematological parameters in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Figures & data

Table 1. Live weight, pancreas weight, brain weight and brain volume (mean±standard deviation) in quail given ethanol at various concentrations through drinking water

Group (% ethanol)	1 week	2 weeks	3 weeks	4 weeks	% Difference from control
Live weight (g)
Group 1 (2%)	145.00±4.08	153.50±4.20	158.18±2.31*	179.84±2.60*	03% decrease
Group 2 (4%)	131.25±6.29*	135.21±2.60*	132.25±5.20*	133.71±0.73*	27% decrease
Group 3 (8%)	128.75±6.29*	134.49±0.99*	129.09±2.56*	130.79±0.79*	29% decrease
Group 4 (16%)	127.50±6.45	134.92 ±0.57*	110.62±3.09*	119.50±3.42*	35% decrease
Group 5 (0%)	150.00±7.07	153.38±2.61	178.81±2.63	185.70±3.88
Pancreas weight (g)
Group 1 (2%)	0.29±0.00*	0.29±0.00*	0.30±0.00	0.30±0.01	00% increase
Group 2 (4%)	0.30±0.01*	0.31±0.01*	0.33±0.00*	0.35±0.00*	16% increase
Group 3 (8%)	0.32±0.00*	0.34±0.01*	0.36±0.01*	0.41±0.01*	36% increase
Group 4 (16%)	0.34±0.01*	0.37±0.00*	0.44±0.01*	0.47±0.01*	56% increase
Group 5 (0%)	0.27±0.00	0.28±0.00	0.29±0.01	0.30±0.01
Brain weight (g)
Group 1 (2%)	0.51±0.01*	0.50±0.01*	0.49±0.00*	0.47±0.01	04% decrease
Group 2 (4%)	0.50±0.00*	0.49±0.01*	0.47±0.00*	0.46±0.00	06% decrease
Group 3 (8%)	0.50±0.00*	0.48±0.00*	0.46±0.00*	0.45±0.00	08% decrease
Group 4 (16%)	0.50±0.00*	0.47±0.00*	0.45±0.00*	0.44±0.00*	10% decrease
Group 5 (0%)	0.55±0.01	0.54±0.01	0.50±0.00	0.49±0.05
Brain volume (ml)
Group 1 (2%)	0.46±0.06	0.43±0.01*	0.42±0.01*	0.40±0.02*	25% decrease
Group 2 (4%)	0.42±0.04	0.35±0.00*	0.34±0.01*	0.33±0.02*	38% decrease
Group 3 (8%)	0.43±0.03	0.32±0.01*	0.32±0.02*	0.30±0.01*	44% decrease
Group 4 (16%)	0.41±0.01	0.32±0.03*	0.30±0.01*	0.26±0.01*	51% decrease
Group 5 (0%)	0.45±0.01	0.54±0.03	0.53±0.03	0.54±0.04
*Significant difference (P<0.05) compared with control group.

Table 2. Erythrocyte count, PCV, haemoglobin, TLC and ESR (mean±standard deviation) in quail given ethanol at various concentrations through drinking water

Group (% ethanol)	1 week	2 weeks	3 weeks	4 weeks	% Difference from control
Erythrocyte count (10^6/μl)
Group 1 (2%)	2.38±0.08*	2.71±0.13*	3.08±0.52*	2.88±0.07*	95% increase
Group 2 (4%)	3.63±0.03*	3.67±0.06*	3.83±0.22*	3.99±0.04*	171% increase
Group 3 (8%)	3.86±0.08*	3.94±0.05*	4.11±0.06*	4.17±0.04*	183% increase
Group 4 (16%)	4.00±0.07*	34.06±0.09*	4.20±0.04*	4.26±0.04*	189% increase
Group 5 (0%)	1.30±0.02	1.38±0.03	1.46±0.07	1.47±0.05
PCV (%)
Group 1 (2%)	34.00±0.82*	36.50±3.11*	36.75±2.50*	40.00±0.82*	32% increase
Group 2 (4%)	34.25±0.96*	36.25±1.50*	40.00±0.82*	42.00±1.41*	39% increase
Group 3 (8%)	38.50±1.91*	39.00±1.73*	41.25±1.50*	45.00±0.82*	49% increase
Group 4 (16%)	39.75±1.50*	40.33±2.08*	44.75±0.96*	46.75±1.50*	54% increase
Group 5 (0%)	27.50±1.91	28.00±3.27	28.25±3.20	30.20±2.17
Haemoglobin (g/dl)
Group 1 (2%)	11.73±1.03*	12.63±0.68*	13.30±1.30*	13.63±0.17*	52% increase
Group 2 (4%)	12.23±1.18*	13.21±1.30*	13.71±1.10*	13.71±1.10*	53% increase
Group 3 (8%)	12.48±1.02*	13.46±1.09*	14.04±1.10*	13.96±0.32*	56% increase
Group 4 (16%)	13.13±0.99*	13.33±1.25*	13.96±0.63*	15.28±0.87*	71% increase
Group 5 (0%)	9.50±0.32	9.09±1.13	8.84±0.87	8.92±1.23
TLC (10^3/μl)
Group 1 (2%)	56.50±2.65*	61.75±2.50*	69.50±2.08*	76.50±1.91*	155% increase
Group 2 (4%)	60.00±0.82*	65.25±1.71*	75.50±2.52*	80.50±1.73*	168% increase
Group 3 (8%)	61.50±1.91*	67.67±1.15*	81.75±2.22*	92.00±2.94*	206% increase
Group 4 (16%)	64.25±2.50*	69.67±0.58*	84.75±3.95*	99.50±3.32*	231% increase
Group 5 (0%)	28.50±1.91	28.50±1.30	29.50±2.89	30.00±1.41
ESR (mm/h)
Group 1 (2%)	3.25±0.50	3.75±0.50	4.00±1.15	4.75±1.50*	115% increase
Group 2 (4%)	3.50±0.58*	4.25±0.50*	4.25±1.26	5.75±0.50*	161% increase
Group 3 (8%)	4.50±0.58*	4.67±1.15*	4.75±0.96	6.00±0.82*	172% increase
Group 4 (16%)	4.75±0.96*	5.00±1.00*	4.75±0.96	6.00±0.82*	172% increase
Group 5 (0%)	2.00±0.82	2.50±0.58	2.75±0.96	2.20±0.84
*Significant difference (P<0.05) compared with control group.

Table 3. Serum sodium and potassium (mean±standard deviation) of quail given ethanol at various concentrations through drinking water

Group (% ethanol)	1 week	2 weeks	3 weeks	4 weeks	% Difference from control
Sodium
Group 1 (2%)	115.54±3.06*	107.59±4.33*	98.32±2.65*	96.99±4.33*	36% decrease
Group 2 (4%)	107.59±4.33*	96.99±4.33*	94.34±3.06*	90.37±2.65*	41% decrease
Group 3 (8%)	94.34±3.06*	93.46±3.06*	90.37±2.65*	86.39±4.33*	43% decrease
Group 4 (16%)	86.72±5.07*	95.22±3.06*	90.37±5.07*	85.07±5.07*	44% decrease
Group 5 (0%)	148.67±5.07	146.02±9.05	147.34±9.18	153.17±2.12
Potassium
Group 1 (2%)	11.14±2.63	9.08±2.25*	9.08±2.25*	8.39±1.38*	44% decreased
Group 2 (4%)	10.45±2.75	9.76±2.63*	9.08±2.25*	7.70±1.59*	49% decrease
Group 3 (8%)	7.70±1.59*	9.99±1.59*	9.08±2.25*	7.70±1.59*	49% decrease
Group 4 (16%)	8.39±1.38*	8.16±3.18*	9.76±1.38*	7.70±1.59*	49% decrease
Group 5 (0%)	13.20±2.75	15.95±2.75	14.58±2.25	15.13±1.60
*Significant difference (P<0.05) compared with control groups.