Gross and microscopic findings and investigation of the aetiopathogenesis of mycobacteriosis in a captive population of white-winged ducks (Cairinascutulata)

Figures & data

Table 1.  Details results of examination of selected organs for macroscopic and microscopic lesions of avian mycobacteriosis in white-winged ducks (C. scutulata)

	Duck
Organ	01	02	03	04	05	06	07	08	09	010	011	012	013	014	015	016	017	018	019	020	Percentage of organs with lesions (N)
Liver	−, −	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	−, n	+, +	+, n	+, +	+, +	+, +	−, n	+, n	+, n	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	85 (20), 93.3(15)
Spleen	+, +	n, +	−, +	+, +	+, +	−, n	+, +	+, n	+, +	−, +	n, +	n, n	+, n	+, +	n, n	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	81.3 (16), 100 (15)
Lung	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	−, +	−, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	+, +	90 (20), 100 (20)
Trachea	−, −	+, +	+, +	+, +	−, +	−, +	−, −	−, +	−, −	+, +	−, −	−, +	−, n	+, +	n, n	−, −	−, −	+, +	+, +	n, n	38.9 (18), 64.7 (17)
Heart^a	−, −	+, +	−, +	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, +	−, −	+, +	−, +	−, −	−, −	+, +	−, −	n, −	−, −	+, +	+, +	+, +	−, −	31.6 (19), 45 (20)
Kidney	−, −	+, +	−, −	−, +	−, −	−, −	+, +	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	+, +	+, +	+, +	−, −	+, +	+, +	+, +	−, −	40 (20), 45 (20)
Oesophagus	−, −	−, +	−, +	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, +	−, −	n, +	−, +	−, +	−, +	−, +	−, −	0 (19), 40 (20)
Proventriculus	−, −	−, −	−, +	−, −	−, n	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, n	n, −	−, +	−, −	−, −	−, +	−, −	0 (19), 16.7 (18)
Ventriculus	−, −	−, −	−, −	−,	−, n	−, −	−, −	−, +	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, n	n, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	0 (19), 5.6 (18)
Intestines	−, −	−, −	−, +	+, +	+, +	−, −	+, +	+, +	+, +	−, +	+, +	−, −	+, +	+, +	n, +	−, −	+, +	−, +	+, +	−, −	52.6 (19), 70 (20)
Ovary	na	na	−, +	na	n, n	−, −	−, −	−, −	na	+, +	na	na	−, −	+, +	n, +	na	−, −	−, −	+, +	n, n	30 (10), 45.5 (11)
Testes	−, −	−, −	na	−, −	na	na	na	na	−, −	na	−, −	−, −	na	Na	na	−, −	na	na	na	n, n	0 (7), 0 (7)
Thyroid	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	n, n	−, n	−, −	−, −	−, n	−, −	−, −	−, n	−, n	−, −	n, n	n, n	−, −	n, n	n, n	−, −	0 (15), 0 (11)
Adrenal	n, n	n, n	n, n	n, n	n, n,	−n	n, −	n, n	−, n	−, −	−, −	−, n	n, n	n, n	n, n	n, n	−, −	−, −	n, n	n, n	0 (7), 0 (5)
Bone marrow	−, n	−, n	−, n	−, n	−, n	−, n	−, n	−, n	−, n	−, n	−, n	−, n	n, +	n, −	n, +	n, n	n, −	n, −	+, +	n, n	7.7 (13), 50 (6)
Pancreas	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, n	−, n	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	0 (20), 0 (18)
Muscle	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, n	−, −	−, −	−, −	+, +	−, −	−, n	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	−, −	+, +	−, −	−, −	−, −	10 (20), 11.1 (18)
Data presented as macroscopic, microscopic. +, present; −, absent; n, not examined; N, total number examined; na, not applicable. ^aIncludes pericarditis, myocarditis or both.

Figure 1.  Macroscopic lesions in white-winged ducks (Cairina scutulata) with avian mycobacteriosis. 1a: Severe diffuse fibrinous air saculitis and severe multifocal to coalescing granulomatous pneumonia. 1b: Severe diffuse fibrinous tracheitis.

Table 2.  Microscopic findings in organs of white-winged ducks (C. scutulata) with multifocal granulomatous inflammation

	Degree of inflammation			Number of acid-fast organisms
Organ	Mild	Moderate	Severe	None	Few	Moderate	Many	Massive
Liver	2	2	7		1	6		4
Spleen		1	14		2	2	4	7
Lung	2		18	1				19
Kidney			9					9
Heart			1					1
Intestinal serose	3		11			2		12
Skeletal muscle			2		1			1

Figure 2.  Microscopic lesion in white-winged ducks (Cairina scutulata) with avian mycobacteriosis. Severe diffuse fibrinous tracheitis with complete effacement of the mucosal epithelium.

Table 3.  Microscopic findings in organs of white-winged ducks (C. scutulata) with diffuse granulomatous inflammation

	Degree of inflammation			Number of acid-fast organisms
Organ	Mild	Moderate	Severe	None	Few	Moderate	Many	Massive
Liver			3		1		1	1
Trachea			11		4	3		4
Pericardium	5	1	2	1		2	5
Heart	1						1
Oesophagus	1	5	2			4	4
Proventriculus		3		1		2
Intestinal mucosa	1		1		2
Bone marrow		3				3
Air sacs			10					10
Ovary (stroma)	2	3				5