Figures & data
Table 1. Viruses in archived tissue used in the present study.
Figure 1. Schematic diagram showing view of the avian brain according to the actual names. Diagram adapted from Reiner et al. (2004). LSt, lateral striatum; MSt, medial striatum; Nc, nuclei cerebelaris; Mo, medulla oblongata.
Table 2. Distribution and intensity of histological lesions and stain for virus in different areas of the nervous systema in chickens experimentally infected with different NDV isolates.
Figure 2. Cerebrum (mesopallium), 4-week-old chicken, experimentally infected with Turkey ND strain. 10 d.p.i. Marked infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in and around the vascular wall. Haematoxylin and eosin. Bar=50 µm.
Figure 3. Medulla oblongata, 4-week-old chicken, experimentally infected with Nevada cormorant strain. 9 d.p.i. Necrotic neurons undergoing phagocytosis (arrow) by many microglial cells. Haematoxylin and eosin. Bar=50 µm.
Figure 4. Cerebellum, 4-week-old chicken, experimentally infected with Turkey ND strain. 10 d.p.i. The molecular layer (M) has focal encephalitis and vascular proliferation. Some Purkinje cells in the subjacent Purkinje cell layer (P) are missing. In the granular layer (G), there are no changes. Haematoxylin and eosin. Bar=50 µm.
Figure 5. Medulla oblongata, 4-week-old chicken, experimentally infected with Turkey ND strain. Spongy changes (*), axonal spheroids (arrow head) and hypertrophy of the nuclei of astrocytes. Haematoxylin and eosin. Bar=50 µm.
Figure 6. Hyperpallium, 4-week-old chicken, experimentally infected with Korea 97-147 strain. 5 d.p.i. Immunohistochemistry for viral nucleoprotein (NDV). Multiple granules are identifiable in the cytoplasm of neurons. Bar=50 µm.
Figure 7. Cerebrum (hyperpallium), 4-week-old chicken, experimentally infected with Turkey ND strain. 10 d.p.i. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP. Many GFAP-positive astrocytes can be observed in the areas of inflammation. Bar=50 µm.
Figure 8. Spinal cord, 4-week-old chicken, experimentally infected with Turkey ND strain. 10 d.p.i. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP. Grey matter and a focal area under meninges with inflammatory changes and a moderate increase of GFAP expression around. Bar=50 µm.
