Antimicrobial resistance and class 1 and 2 integrons in Escherichia coli from meat turkeys in Northern Italy

Figures & data

Table 1. Antimicrobial resistance, class 1 and 2 integrons and gene cassette content of APEC isolates.

						Integrons
Production cycle	Isolate identification^a	Origin	Serogroup	PFGE type	MDR pattern^b	Class 1	Class 2
1	19038-1	Lung	O111	NT^c	ChTe	–	–
	17421-1	Brain	O2	V	ChSulTe	–	–
	20317-1	Pericardial sac	O78	XVI	ChPenTe	–	–
	14964-1	Pericardial sac	O78	XVI	CefChPenTe	–	–
	19700-1	Brain	O78	XVI	ChPenFenTe	–	–
	13432-1	Brain	O78	XVI	AmChPenFenTe	–	–
	18041-1	Liver	NT	IX	CefChPenSulTe	–	–
	18456-1	Brain	O78	XVI	AmChPenSulTe	–	–
	20318-1	Tibiotarsal joint	O78	XVI	AmChPenSulTe	–	–
	14359-1	Pericardial sac	O78	XVI	AmCefChPenFenTe	–	–
2	27620-1	Brain	O2	XVIII	Pen	–	–
	27028-1	Brain	O2	XVIII	CefPen	–	–
	3302-4	Coxofemoral joint	O78	XXVI	ChPenTe	–	–
	29610-1	Pericardial sac	O78	XVI	AmChPenTe	–	–
	1037-2	Tibiotarsal joint	O78	XVII	AmChPenTe	–	–
	1038-2	Brain	O78	XXVI	AmChPenTe	–	–
	1038-4	Lung	O78	XXVI	AmChPenTe	–	–
	2216-1	Lung	NT	XXIV	AmPenSulTe	aadA1	sat2, aadA1
	3302-1	Coxofemoral joint	O78	XXVI	CefChPenTe	–	–
	3302-4	Tibiotarsal joint	O78	XXVI	CefChPenTe	–	–
	29610-1	Brain	O78	XVI	AmCefChPenTe	–	–
	1038-3	Brain	O78	XXVI	AmCefChPenTe	–	–
	29610-2	Brain	O78	XVI	AmChPenSulTe	–	–
	29611-1	Brain	O78	XVI	AmChPenSulTe	–	–
	410-1	Brain	O78	XVII	AmChPenSulTe	estX, aadA1	–
	1037-1	Tibiotarsal joint	O78	XVII	AmChPenSulTe	–	–
	1038-1	Lung	NT	XXVIII	AmChPenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	2497-1	Lung	O78	XXVI	AmChPenSulTe	–	–
	2759-1	Coxofemoral joint	O78	XXVI	AmChPenSulTe	–	–
	3302-1	Tibiotarsal joint	O78	XXVI	AmChPenSulTe	–	–
	3302-4	Tibiotarsal joint	O78	XXVI	AmChPenSulTe	–	–
	28234-1	Pericardial sac	O2	XIX	AmChPenFenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	28234-1	Spleen	O2	XIX	AmChPenFenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	1037-1	Brain	O78	XVII	AmCefChPenSulTe	–	–
	1037-1	Pericardial sac	O78	XVII	AmCefChPenSulTe	–	–
	1037-2	Brain	O78	XVII	AmCefChPenSulTe	–	–
	3302-1	Coxofemoral joint	O78	XXVI	AmCefChPenSulTe	–	–
	27619-2	Brain	O2	XVIII	AmCefChPenFenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
3	12685-1	Pericardial sac	O2	VI	AmChPenSulTe	–	dfrA1, sat2, aadA1
	12685-2	Brain	O2	VI	AmChPenSulTe	–	dfrA1, sat2, aadA1
	13282-1	Brain	O2	VI	AmChPenSulTe	–	dfrA1, sat2, aadA1
	14486-1	Brain	O2	VI	AmChPenSulTe	–	dfrA1, sat2, aadA1
	15189-1	Brain	O2	VI	AmChPenSulTe	–	dfrA1, sat2, aadA1
	15189-2	Brain	O2	VI	AmChPenSulTe	–	dfrA1, sat2, aadA1
	15189-3	Brain	O2	VI	AmChPenSulTe	–	dfrA1, sat2, aadA1
	14486-2	Brain	O2	III	AmCefChPenSulTe	–	dfrA1, sat2, aadA1
	14486-1	Lung	NT	III	AmCefChPenSulTe	–
	14486-2	Lung	NT	III	AmCefChPenSulTe	–

^a Strains with the same identification number were isolated from the same carcass (1037-1, 1037-2, 3302-1, 3302-4, 14486-1, 14486-2, 28234-1, 29610-1). ^bMDR = multidrug resistance; Am = aminoglycosides; Cef = cephalosporins; Ch = quinolones; Pen = penicillins; Fen = phenicols; Sul = potentiated sulphonamides; Te = tetracyclines. ^cNT, not typeable.

Table 2. Antimicrobial resistance, class 1 and 2 integrons and gene cassette content of AFEC isolates.

				Integrons
Production cycle	Isolate identification^a	PFGE type	MDR pattern^b	Class 1	Class 2
1	18042-5	IV	AmPenTe	–	–
	17401-2	XXIII	PenSulTe	–	–
	16756-3	IV	AmPenTe	–	–
	17401-1	XXI^c	AmPenSulTe	–	–
	17401-4	NT	AmPenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	16756-4	NT	AmPenSulTe	–	–
	15446-3	XXVII	AmPenSulTe	–	–
	16185-1	II	AmPenSulTe	dfrA12, orfF, aadA2	–
	16185-2	XII	AmPenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	16185-3	II	AmPenSulTe	dfrA12, orfF, aadA2	–
	14966-3	XI	AmChPenTe	–	–
	17401-3	XXII	AmCefPenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	17401-5	XXV	AmChPenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	16756-1	X	AmPenFenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	16756-2	IV	AmPenFenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	16185-4	VIII	AmCefPenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	14966-5	XIII	CefChPenSulTe	–	–
	18042-1	VII	AmChPenFenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	18042-2	X	AmCefPenFenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	18042-3	X	AmCefPenFenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	16756-5	II	AmCefChPenSulTe	dfrA12, orfF	–
	15446-1	XIV	AmCefChPenSulTe	–	–
	15446-2	II	AmCefChPenSulTe	dfrA12, aadA2	–
	14966-1	I	AmChPenFenSulTe	–	sat2, aadA1
	14966-4	NT	AmCefChPenSulTe	–	–
	18042-4	X	AmCefChPenFenSulTe	dfrA1, aadA1	–
	15446-4	XV	AmCefChPenFenSulTe	dfrA12, orfF, aadA2	–
	15446-5	I	AmCefChPenFenSulTe	sat2	sat2, aadA1
	16185-5	II	AmCefChPenFenSulTe	dfrA12, orfF, aadA2	–
	14966-2	XX	AmCefChPenFenSulTe	dfrA7	–

^a Strains with the same identification number were isolated from the same carcass (1037-1, 1037-2, 3302-1, 3302-4, 14486-1, 14486-2, 28234-1, 29610-1). Faecal samples were obtained from individual birds. ^bMDR = multidrug resistance; Am = aminoglycosides; Cef = cephalosporins; Ch = quinolones; Pen = penicillins; Fen = phenicols; Sul = potentiated sulphonamides; Te = tetracyclines. ^cNT, not typeable.

Figure 1. Dendrogram of the 28 different PFGE types identified among APEC and AFEC isolates. The scale bar on the top indicates similarity based on the Dice coefficient and PFGE types refer to patterns greater than 80% similarity.

Figure 2. Percentage of APEC (2a) and AFEC (2b) isolates susceptible (S), intermediate (I) and resistant (R) to antimicrobials. APR = apramycin; GM = gentamicin; STR = streptomycin; K = kanamycin; AM = aminosidine; SPT = spectinomycin; CF = cephalotin; CFT = ceftiofur; CTX = cefotaxime; CAZ = ceftazidime; FEP = cefepime; NA = nalidixic acid; ENR = enrofloxacin; CIP = ciprofloxacin; NOR = norfloxacin; AMP = ampicillin; AMC = amoxicillin+clavulanic acid; CAF = chloramphenicol; FFC = florfenicol; S3 = triple sulphonamides; SXT = trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole; TE = tetracycline; DO = doxycycline; OT = oxytetracycline; CT = colistin.