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Avian Pathology Volume 44, 2015 - Issue 3
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Characterization of two pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 isolates in China

Abie AwuKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Meng-yu ShaoKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Meng-meng LiuKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Yan-xin HuKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Zhuo-ming QinShandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Fu-lin TianShandong Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of ChinaView further author information
&
Guo-zhong ZhangKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
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Pages 204-211 | Received 25 Nov 2014, Accepted 15 Feb 2015, Published online: 02 Apr 2015

Figures & data

Table 1. Experimental infection: chicken groups and viruses used.

Table 2. Details of the two PPMV-1 isolates investigated in this study.

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide sequences of the (A) complete genome and (B) fusion gene of NDV. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbour-joining method with 1000 bootstrap replicates (bootstrap values are shown on the tree).
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide sequences of the (A) complete genome and (B) fusion gene of NDV. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbour-joining method with 1000 bootstrap replicates (bootstrap values are shown on the tree).
Figure 2. Unrooted phylogenetic tree of 70 PPMV-1 isolates based on a 374-nt section of the fusion protein gene. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths proportional to the number of substitutions per site.
Figure 2. Unrooted phylogenetic tree of 70 PPMV-1 isolates based on a 374-nt section of the fusion protein gene. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths proportional to the number of substitutions per site.
Figure 3. Survival rate of chickens inoculated with SD12, GM and LaSota.
Figure 3. Survival rate of chickens inoculated with SD12, GM and LaSota.

Table 3. Virus shedding in cloacal swabs as indicated by RT-PCR.

Figure 4. Sero-conversion of chickens inoculated with SD12 or LaSota strains on 21 dpi.
Figure 4. Sero-conversion of chickens inoculated with SD12 or LaSota strains on 21 dpi.

Table 4. Viral distribution in tissues of chickens inoculated with SD12, GM and LaSota.

Figure 5. Histopathology of tissues from 3-week-old chickens infected with GM, SD12 or LaSota (H&E). (A–D) Solid arrows indicate extravasated blood, and open arrows indicate necrosis of the lymphocyte. (E–H) Solid arrows indicate oedema and degeneration of the renal tubular epithelial cells, open arrows indicate lymphocytic infiltration around renal tubular area, and black triangles indicate dropout and necrosis of the renal tubular epithelial cells and tubular occlusions. (I–L) Solid arrows indicate necrosis of the lymphocyte, and open arrows indicate inflammatory cell infiltration. (M–P) Solid arrows indicate necrosis of the lymphocyte, open arrows indicate inflammatory cell infiltration, and black triangles indicate focal necrosis with neutrophil infiltration. (Q–T) Black triangles indicate atrophy of lymphoid follicle and interstitial expansion, solid arrows indicate necrosis of the lymphocyte, and open arrows indicate inflammatory cell infiltration. Scale bar = 100 μm in the caecal tonsil, 50 μm in the kidney and 200 μm in other tissues. Scale bar = 50 μm in enlarged figures J, L, N and R.
Figure 5. Histopathology of tissues from 3-week-old chickens infected with GM, SD12 or LaSota (H&E). (A–D) Solid arrows indicate extravasated blood, and open arrows indicate necrosis of the lymphocyte. (E–H) Solid arrows indicate oedema and degeneration of the renal tubular epithelial cells, open arrows indicate lymphocytic infiltration around renal tubular area, and black triangles indicate dropout and necrosis of the renal tubular epithelial cells and tubular occlusions. (I–L) Solid arrows indicate necrosis of the lymphocyte, and open arrows indicate inflammatory cell infiltration. (M–P) Solid arrows indicate necrosis of the lymphocyte, open arrows indicate inflammatory cell infiltration, and black triangles indicate focal necrosis with neutrophil infiltration. (Q–T) Black triangles indicate atrophy of lymphoid follicle and interstitial expansion, solid arrows indicate necrosis of the lymphocyte, and open arrows indicate inflammatory cell infiltration. Scale bar = 100 μm in the caecal tonsil, 50 μm in the kidney and 200 μm in other tissues. Scale bar = 50 μm in enlarged figures J, L, N and R.
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