An in-vitro investigation into the efficacy of disinfectants used in the duck industry against Salmonella

Figures & data

Table 1. Disinfectants used in the present study with active ingredients and Defra GO dilution.

Code	Product name	Chemical group	Microbicidal component (s)	GO concentration^a
C	Intercid	Glutaraldehyde and Formadehyde	Glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde	40
B	GPC8	Glutaraldehyde and QAC	Glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium compounds	35
G	Omnicide		Glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium compounds	50
F	Multi DES GA		Glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium compounds	65.5
K	Virocid		Glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium compounds	49
M	Viroshield		Glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium compounds	25
A	Farm Fluid HD (ROW)	Chlorocresol	Benzenesulphonic acid, Biphenyl-2-ol, chloro-chlorocresol	60
D	Interkokask		Chlorocresol, propionic acid, phosphoric acid	50
H	Sorgene 5	Hydrogen peroxide	Hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid	250
I	Virex	Potassium peroxymonosulphate	Potassium peroxymonosulphate	100^b
J	Virkon S		Potassium peroxymonosulphate	100^b
E	FAM 30	Iodine	Iodine, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid	90
O	Virophor 2.8%		Iodine, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid	50
L	Virofoam	Detergent	Detergent	49^c
N	Byotrol	QAC	quaternary ammonium compounds	49^c

^aFigures given are millilitres of water per millilitre of product.

^bMillilitres of water per gram of product.

^cNot approved for GO at time of the study; therefore, manufacturer’s general application rate is used.

Figure 1. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration for each of the disinfectant products tested against Salmonella Typhimurium (ST DT8) and Salmonella Indiana (SI). Note: G. – Glutaraldehyde, F. – Formaldehyde, QAC – Quaternary Ammonium Compound, H. Per. – Hydrogen Peroxide, Mono. – Peroxymonosulphate, Probio. – Probiotic detergent, Deter. – alkaline detergent.

Table 2. Faecal suspension model results as counts of positive samples at 0.5, 1 and 2 times Defra GO concentrations for 30, 120 and 240 min contact times.

			Salmonella survival (n = 9)
			0.5 × GO			1 × GO			2 × GO
Code	Chemical group	Contact time (min.)	30	120	240	30	120	240	30	120	240
C	Glut.^a & Form.^b		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
B	Glut.^a & QAC^c		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
G			0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
F			0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
K			0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
M			0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
A	Chlorocresol		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
D			0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
H	H. Per.^d		0	2	2	0	1	0	0	0	0
I	Mono.^e		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
J			0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
E	Iodine		9	9	8	1	1	1	0	0	0
O			0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0
N^f	QAC^c		0	3	1	0	0	1	0	0	0

^aGlut. – Glutaraldehyde.

^bForm. – Formaldehyde.

^cQAC – Quaternary Ammonium Compound.

^dH. Per. – Hydrogen Peroxide.

^eMono. – Peroxymonosulphate.

^fn = 6.

Table 3. Surface contamination model results at 0.5, 1 and 2 times Defra GO concentrations (n = 3).

		Salmonella survival (n = 3)
Code	Chemical group	0.5 × GO	1 × GO	2 × GO
C	Glut.^a & Form.^b	0	0	0
B	Glut.^a & QAC^c	1	0	0
G		3	0	0
F		3	2	0
K		1	0	0
M		0	0	0
A	Chlorocresol	3	3	1
D		3	2	0
H	H. Per.^d	3	3	3
I	Mono.^e	3	2	2
J		3	2	2
E	Iodine	3	3	3
O		3	3	1
N	QAC^c	3	3	3

^aGlut. – Glutaraldehyde.

^bForm. – Formaldehyde.

^cQAC – Quaternary Ammonium Compound.

^dH. Per. – Hydrogen Peroxide.

^eMono. – Peroxymonosulphate.