Efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin, amitraz, and phoxim against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae De Geer, 1778 (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae): an eight-year survey

Figures & data

Table 1. Number of Dermanyssus gallinae populations analyzed by year.

Year	Analyzed mite populations
2008	6
2009	15
2010	24
2011	14
2012	7
2013	6
2014	9
2015	5

Table 2. Percent efficacy of the acaricide drugs at field concentration, by year.

Year	λ-cyhalothrin			Amitraz			Phoxim
	Lower limit*	Median	Upper limit*	Lower limit*	Median	Upper limit*	Lower limit*	Median	Upper limit*
2008	41.67	58.34	80.30	100.00	100.00	100.00	90.83	95.41	100.00
2009	43.33	68.35	87.50	76.67	90.00	100.00	63.33	80.00	100.00
2010	48.33	62.50	83.33	67.50	87.50	95.00	55.00	75.00	91.67
2011	53.33	62.84	86.67	51.67	67.92	91.84	53.33	77.50	100.00
2012	1.67	24.17	83.33	8.33	50.00	80.00	28.33	83.33	100.00
2013	3.33	40.00	61.67	26.67	64.59	91.67	20.83	76.67	100.00
2014	1.67	41.67	78.33	22.50	78.33	95.00	81.67	98.33	100.00
2015	15.46	43.57	60.46	53.34	76.67	100.00	3.89	45.00	76.67
2008–2011	55.00	66.67	75.00	76.67	85.00	91.84	70.00	80.00	91.67
2012–2015	23.33	40.00	60.83	35.00	62.96	80.00	66.67	83.33	98.33
2008–2015	48.33	58.33	68.33	71.25	80.83	88.33	75.00	80.35	91.67

*Lower and upper limits are referred to the 95% confidence interval.

Table 3. Distribution of mite populations according to the efficacy of acaricides at field concentration (0.5 g/l λ-cyhalothrin, 0.5 g/l amitraz, 2 g/l phoxim).

Year	λ-cyhalothrin					Amitraz					Phoxim
	0–20%	21–40%	41–60%	61–80%	81–100%	0–20%	21–40%	41–60%	61–80%	81–100%	0–20%	21–40%	41–60%	61–80%	81–100%
2008	0.0	25.0	25.0	50.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	16.7	0.0	83.3
2009	13. 3	6.7	20.0	26.7	33.3	0.0	0.0	6.7	26.7	66.7	0.0	6.7	13. 3	33.3	46.7
2010	4.5	18.2	27.3	22.7	27.3	0.0	4.6	13.6	13.6	68.2	8.3	0.0	25.0	25.0	41.7
2011	0.0	7.1	42.9	21.4	28.6	0.0	14.3	21.4	28.6	35.7	7.1	0.0	28.6	28.6	35.7
2012	50.0	33.3	0.0	0.0	16.7	14.3	28.6	42.9	14.3	0.0	0.0	14.3	0.0	28.6	57.1
2013	16.7	33.3	33.3	16.7	0.0	0.0	33.3	0.0	33.3	33.3	16.7	0.0	33.3	0. 0	50.0
2014	33.3	11.1	11.1	33.3	11.1	0.0	22.2	0.0	33.3	44.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	11. 1	88.9
2015	0.0	25.0	50.0	25.0	0.0	0.0	20. 0	0.0	60.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20. 0	20.0
2008–2011	5.5	12.7	29.1	25.5	27.3	0. 0	5.5	12.7	20.0	61.8	5.1	1.7	22.0	25.4	45.7
2012–2015	28.0	24.0	20.0	20.0	8.0	3.7	25.9	11.1	33.3	25.9	7.4	7.4	11.1	14.8	59.3
2008–2015	12.5	16.3	26.3	23.8	21.3	1.2	12.2	12.2	24.4	50.0	5.8	3.5	18.6	22.1	50.0

Figure 1. Trends of the median percent efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin (white bars), amitraz (dotted bars), and phoxim (grey bars) at the field concentration (0.5 g/l λ-cyhalothrin, 0.5 g/l amitraz, 2 g/l phoxim) by year.