Clinical expression, epidemiology, and monitoring of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae: an update

Figures & data

Table 1. Overview of the use of screening- and confirmation tests in monitoring programmes in non-vaccinated and vaccinated flocks.

			Serology		Detection of pathogen		Conclusion
Vaccinated	Type of vaccine	Infected	Screening test	Confirmation test	Detection of pathogen (screening or confirmation)	DIVA test^a required	Free from infection	Diagnosis of field infection
No	None	No	Negative	Negative (if needed)	Negative (if needed)	No	Negative serology or no pathogen detection
		Yes	Positive	Positive	Positive	No	-	Seroconversion or detection of pathogen
Yes	Inactivated vaccine	No	Positive	Not needed	Negative	No	No further increase of antibody titres, or negative pathogen detection
		Yes	Positive	Not needed	Positive	No		Seroconversion or detection of pathogen
	(also) Live, conventional vaccine	No	Positive	Not needed	Positive	Yes	No further increase of antibody titres, or negative DIVA pathogen detection
		Yes	Positive	Not needed	Positive	Yes		Seroconversion^b or detection of pathogen by DIVA test
	Live, vectored recombinant vaccine	No	Negative	Not needed	Negative	No	Negative serology or no pathogen detection
		Yes	Positive	Positive	Positive	No		Seroconversion or detection or pathogen

^a DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals).

^b Note: Several reports show varying levels of antibodies and seroconversions months after vaccination due to response to the vaccine strain. Detection of the field strain is the preferred way for detection for a field infection.