Conodont fauna and biostratigraphy of the Honghuayuan Formation (Early Ordovician) of Guizhou, South China

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Locality maps of the studied areas. A, Map of China showing the location of Guizhou Province. B, Map of northeast Guizhou showing the locations of three sections sampled for this study (Geological information modified from Gao, 1976): (1) Honghuayuan Section of Tongzi; (2) Ganxi Section of Yanhe; (3) Huanghuachong section of Guiyang in Guizhou.

Fig. 2 Stratigraphic section of the Honghuayuan Formation at Honghuayuan village near Tongzi County Town, showing the sampling locations and the stratigraphic ranges of the conodont species.

Fig. 3 Conodont zonation for the Honghuayuan Formation (latest Tremadocian to mid-Floian, Early Ordovician) on the Yangtze Platform, and correlation with coeval successions in other regions in China, Australia and Malaysia (ZLZ. Form.—Zhongliangzi Formation).

Table 1. Distribution of conodonts (numbers refer to quantity of specimens) in samples collected from the Honghuayuan Formation in the Honghuayuan Section (THH and AFI) of Tongzi, in the Ganxi Section (YTH) of Yanhe, and in the Huanghuachong Section (WHC) of Guiyang, Guizhou Province, South China

Sample	Acodus triangularis	Bergstroemognathus extensus	Cornuodus longibasis	Cornuodus? sp.	Drepanodus arcuatus	Drepanoistodus sp. cf. D. nowlani	Juanognathus variabilis	Nasusgnathus dolonus	Oistodus lanceolatus	Paltodus sp. cf. P. subaequalis	Paltodus? sp.	Paltodus sp. A	Paroistodus sp.	Prioniodus honghuayuanensis	Protopanderodus gradatus	Protoprioniodus simplicissimus	Rhipidognathus yichangensis	Scolopodus houlianzhaiensis	Semiacontiodus apterus	Semiacontiodus sp. cf. S. cornuformis	Serratognathoides? sp.	Serratognathus diversus	Triangulodus bifidus	Triangulodus zhiyii	Total
YTH1	2	2	5		2	16	7							15	1									2	52
YTH3							3																		3
YTH4			2		2	1	6								2		1					12		1	27
YTH5		2				3	2					1			3		9					35			55
YTH6					2				1													6	3	1	13
YTH7			2			1																	2	1	6
YTH8			1			4																1		2	8
YTH9			2		1	17																1	4	3	28
YTH10					1	7																1	16	7	32
YTH11						9																			9
YTH12			1			1	1																		3
YTH13			11		1	16				2		5													35
YTH14		4				1	3																		8
YTH15						3																			3
YTH16						41	1				1														43
YTH20			3		1						1														5
YTH21						3																			3
YTH23					1	2																			3
YTH24						7																			7
YTH27						5																			5
YTH28						4																			4
YTH32						1																			1
YTH33						1																			1
YTH35						6																			6
WHC31		3	2		3	1									3		2					25			39
WHC32						1			1													6			8
WHC33						10																13			23
WHC34					1	3													1			28	4	6	43
WHC35					1	10							3									22			36
WHC36			22		8	17							6									69			122
WHC37			3			8							4									22			37
WHC38			3		8	2							5		1			1				13	23	2	58
WHC39					1								1									6			8
THH1		1	1			3								1											6
THH2	5					2	1																		8
THH3	22	5			13	45	7			1				3		1			1				1	2	101
THH4		2				2																			4
THH5					5	5																19		5	34
THH6		1				14											3					25			43
THH7					3	17		1									2					19			42
THH8	3	3	3			26		1					1				5					11		18	71
THH9			1		2	8											2					3			16
THH10	11	9	10		10	12		6	4			3	1		4		25				1	47		20	163
THH11				3	2	8						1	3		2	1		1	1			7			29
THH12			1		17	2			1													27	6	8	62
THH13					4	10																			14
THH14						13																			13
THH15						17				3			4										2	1	27
THH16					12								1												13
THH17					10	1																			11
THH18		1			3	2				1			3										7		17
THH19					1	91				31			16										53	8	200
AFI970						1																	1?		2
AFI971						8																	4		12
AFI972						1																1		1?	3
AFI973						16							1										1	8	26
AFI974						15							1										2		18
AFI975						4																			4
AFI976					3	7																			10
AFI977			1			1			2													7	2	2	15
AFI978						3																	2	1	6
AFI979						1																5	5	3	14
AFI980		6	15		4	47	9								10	2	18							25	136
AFI981		3	2					1							3	2	1					10		3	25
AFI982		2	1		1			1								1	1		1			2		3	13
AFI982B		1				2																1			4
AFI983		1				1									3		1								6
AFI983A		2			2	4																			8
AFI983B					5	6											1							3	15
AFI983C		1				6							1												8
AFI984		3				4							1				2					10			20
AFI985		1															1					1			3
AFI986		1			1	4											1					8			15
AFI987		1				2							1				1					3			8
AFI988		1	3		1	2	2								1		2					7		1	20
AFI989		6				2																			8
AFI990		8	5				18													2					33
AFI991		4	2			3	16													4					29
AFI992	28				3	15	9							11		1				2					69
AFI993	93		1		5	25							1	292		1								3	421
AFI995	13					11								22											46
AFI997	42		31			13			1					72		1									160
AFI999	3	1	2		1		1							19					1						28
Total	222	75	136	3	141	683	86	10	10	38	2	10	54	435	33	10	78	2	5	8	1	473	138	140	2793

Fig. 4 A–L, Cornuodus longibasis (Lindström, 1955); A–C, Sa element, AMF.134989, AFI997, A, lateral view (IY119–046), B, basal view (IY119–048), C, close up showing fine surface striae (IY119–049); D–E, Sb element, AMF.134990, AFI997, D, inner lateral view (IY119–053), E, basal view (IY119–054); F, Sc element, AMF.134991, WHC36, inner lateral view (IY121–005); G–H, Sd element, AMF.134992, WHC36, G, inner lateral view (IY121–008), H, basal view (IY121–009); I, Pa element, AMF.134993, THH12, inner lateral view (IY120–033); J–L, Pb element; J–K, AMF.134994, WHC36, J, inner lateral view, K, close up of the basal part (IY121–006); L, AMF.134995, AFI997, basal inner lateral view (IY119–045). M–R, Cornuodus? sp.; M–O, Sa element, AMF.134996, THH11, M–N, lateral views (IY122002, IY122003), O, upper view (IY122001); P, Sb element, AMF.134997, THH11, inner lateral view (IY122006); Q–R, Pa element, AMF.134998, THH11, Q, inner lateral view (IY122004), R, basal view (IY122005). Scale bars=100 μm, unless indicated otherwise.

Fig. 5 Drepanodus arcuatus Pander, 1856. A, M element, AMF.134999, THH12, anterior view (IY120–014). B–C, Sa element; B, AMF.135000, YTH13, lateral view (IY62–006); C, AMF.135001, THH12, lateral view (IY120–032). D–E, Sb element, AMF.135002, AFI976, D, basal view (IY120–034), E, outer lateral view (IY120–035). F–G, Sc element; F, AMF.135003, AFI980, inner lateral view (IY120–038); G, AMF.135004, WHC36, outer lateral view (IY121–012). H, Sd? Element, AMF.135005, YTH23, outer lateral view (IY121–033). I–K, Pa element; I, AMF.135006, AFI980, outer lateral view (IY121–001); J–K, AMF.135007, AFI982, J, outer lateral view (IY55–037), K, basal view (IY55–036). L–N, Pb element; L, AMF.135008, THH10, outer lateral view (IY119–066); M–N, AMF.135009, AFI976, M, basal view (IY120–016), N, outer lateral view (IY120–017). Scale bars=100 μm.

Fig. 6 A–I, Juanognathus variabilis Serpagli, 1974; A–C, Sa element; A–B, AMF.135010, AFI991, A, posterior view (IY54–005), B, postero-basal view (IY54–006); C, AMF.135011, YTH4, postero-basal view (IY61–042); D–E, Sb element, AMF.135012, AFI991, D, posterior view (IY54–008), E, postero-outer lateral view (IY54–007); F–I, Sc element, F, AMF.135013, AFI991, inner lateral view (IY53–040); G–H, AMF.135014, AFI991, G, basal view (IY54–002), H, outer lateral view (IY54–003); I, AMF.135015, AFI980, outer lateral view (IY56–021). J–O, Oistodus lanceolatus Pander, 1856; J–M, Sa element, AMF.135016, THH10, J, anterior view (IY59–028), K, M, lateral views (IY59–029, IY59–031), L, posterior view (IY59–030). N, M element, AMF.135017, AFI977, outer lateral view (IY65–025). O, Sc element, AMF.135018, AFI997, posterior view (IY119–041). Scale bars=100 μm.

Fig. 7 A–I, Nasusgnathus dolonus (An, 1981); A–C, Sc element, A, AMF.135019, THH10, inner lateral view (IY120–004); B–C, AMF.135020, THH10, B, outer lateral view (IY120–002), C, basal view (IY120–001); D–E, Sb element, D, AMF.135021, THH10, outer lateral view (IY120–005), E, AMF.135022, THH7, outer lateral view (IY59–009); F–I, Sd element; F–G, AMF.135023, THH10, F, basal view (IY120–011), G, outer lateral view (IY120–010); H–I, AMF.135024, THH10, H, inner lateral view (IY120–007), I, close up showing fine surface striae (IY120–008). J–K, Paltodus sp. Sa element, AMF.135025, YTH16, J, basal view (IY121–029), K, lateral view (IY121–031). L–O, Protoprioniodus simplicissimus McTavish, 1973. Sb element, AMF.135026, AFI982, L, inner lateral view (IY55–027), M, upper view (IY55–028), N, anterior view (IY55–024), O, outer lateral view (IY55–025). Scale bars=100 μm, unless indicated otherwise.

Fig. 8 Protopanderodus gradatus Serpagli, 1974. A–C, Sa element, AMF.135027, YTH1, A, B, lateral views (IY61–031, IY61–032), C, basal view (IY61–030). D–F, Sb element; D, AMF.135028, AFI981, posterior view (IY56–002); E, AMF.135029, THH11, outer lateral view (IY120–031); F, AMF.135030, AFI980, inner lateral view (IY120–041). G–I, Sc element, AMF.135031, THH10, G, inner lateral view (IY120–023), H, outer lateral view (IY120–022), I, basal view (IY120–021). J–L, Sd element, AMF.135032, YTH5, J, inner lateral view (IY121–024), K, basal view (IY121–023), L, outer lateral view (IY121–025). M, Pb element, AMF.135033, AFI980, inner lateral view (IY57–008). N–Q, Pa element; N, AMF.135034, WHC31, outer lateral view (IY121–017); O–P, AMF.135035, YTH4, O, inner lateral view (IY61–045), P, basal view (IY61–043); Q, AMF.135036, WHC31, inner lateral view (IY121–016). Scale bars=100 μm.

Fig. 9 A–C, Protoprioniodus simplicissimus McTavish, 1973; A, Pa element, AMF.135037, THH11, outer lateral view (IY120–029), B, Pb element, AMF.135038, AFI981, outer lateral view (IY55–040), C, M element, AMF.135039, AFI980, posterior view (IY56–028). D–F, Semiacontiodus sp. cf. S. cornuformis (Sergeeva, 1963); D–E, Sb element, AMF.135040, AFI992, D, posterior view (IY53–032), E, inner lateral view (IY53–033); F, Sa element, AMF.135041, AFI992, upper posterior view (IY53–029). G–L, Scolopodus houlianzhaiensis An & Xu in An et al., 1983; G–I, Sc element, AMF.135042, WHC38, G, basal-posterior view (IY62–013), H, inner lateral view (IY62–014), I, outer lateral view (IY62–015); J–L, Sb element, AMF.135043, THH11, J, inner lateral view (IY120–028), K, outer lateral view (IY120–027), L, upper-anterior view (IY120–026). Scale bars=100 μm.

Fig. 10 Semiacontiodus apterus (Gao in An et al., 1985). A–C, Sb element, AMF.135058, AFI982, A, outer lateral view (IY55–034), B, postero-basal view (IY55–033), C, inner lateral view (IY55–035). D–F, Sa element, AMF.135059, THH3, D, posterior view (IY59–006), E–F, lateral views (IY59–008, IY59–007). G–H, Sc element, AMF.135060, WHC34, G, inner lateral view (IY62–020), H, basal view (IY62–021). I–K, Sd element, AMF.135053, YTH1, I, lateral view (IY61–028), J, posterior view, and K, enlargement showing the outline of the base (IY61–026). Scale bars=100 μm.

Fig. 11 A–C, Serratognathoides? sp. Sb-c element, AMF.135054, THH10; A–B, oblique upper views (IY49–019, IY49–017), C, close up showing the posterior edge of the unit (IY49–018). D–M, Serratognathus diversus An, 1981. Sc element; D–F, AMF.132591, THH12, D, posterior view (IY12–049), E, basal view (IY12–050), F, anterior view (IY48–018); G, AMF.135055, THH6, inner lateral view (IY12–029); H–I, AMF.135056, THH7, H, basal view (IY48–015), I, upper view (IY12–033); J–M, AMF.135057, THH10, J, posterior view (IY119–037), K, upper view (IY119–033), L, basal-posterior view, close up showing striae structure (IY119–031), M, upper view, close up showing cross-section of the cusp and adjacent denticles (IY119–036). Scale bars=100 μm, unless indicated otherwise.

Fig. 12 Serratognathus diversus An, 1981. Sa element. A, AMF.135044, THH7, upper view (IY119–001); B, AMF. 132592, THH6, anterior view (IY12–020); C, AMF.135045, THH6, anterior view (IY48–005); D, AMF. 132594, THH8, basal view (IY12–038); E, AMF.135046, THH6, posterior view (IY48–008); F, AMF.135047, THH10, lateral view (IY119–038); G–K, AMF.135048, THH7, G, basal view (IY119–008), H, posterior view (IY119–005), I, posterior view, enlargement showing surface striae (IY119–006), J, posterior view, enlargement showing laminated structure of posterior margin of the cusp (IY119–006), K, basal view, enlargement showing the circular ring structure of the initial growth disk (IY119–009). Scale bars=100 μm, unless indicated otherwise.

Fig. 13 Serratognathus diversus An, 1981. Sb element. A–B, AMF.135049, THH7, A, antero-outer lateral view (IY119–018), B, upper-anterior view (IY119–017). C–F, AMF.135050, THH7, C, posterior view, close up showing laminated structure on posterior margin of the cusp (IY119–022), D, posterior view (IY119–020), E, antero-basal view (IY119–019), F, posterior view, enlargement of Fig. 13C, showing laminated posterior margin of the cusp, and circular ring structure of the initial growth disk (IY119–022). G, AMF.135051, THH7, anterior view (IY48–006). H, AMF.135052, THH6, posterior view (IY12–025). I–K, AMF.132593, THH6, I, posterior view (IY12–022), J, posterior view, enlargement showing rows of denticles on the lateral process (IY12–024), K, posterior view, close up showing laminated structure on the posterior margin of the cusp and circular ring structure of the initial growth disk (IY12–023). Scale bars=100 μm.

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