The size of the offshore sector in the Norwegian economy

Figures & data

Table 1. Income and expenditure by the Norwegian exile government 1940–1945.

Expenditures
Year	Government administration		Defense		In all		Share
	UK pound	NOK	UK pound	NOK	UK pound	NOK	Defense
1940	612,419	10,778,574	2,332,942	41,059,770	2,945,361	51,838,345	0.792
1941	1,474,108	26,165,417	3,141,945	55,769,515	4,616,053	81,934,932	0.681
1942	2,612,299	46,368,298	5,126,759	90,999,972	7,739,058	137,368,271	0.662
1943	4,049,257	71,874,303	8,374,047	148,639,325	12,423,303	220,513,628	0.674
1944	6,412,715	113,825,682	10,763,000	191,043,241	17,175,714	304,868,924	0.627
1945	4,032,946	71,584,783	5,762,333	102,281,411	9,795,279	173,866,193	0.588
Income
Year	Miscellanous		Nortraship		In all		Share
	UK pound	NOK	UK pound	NOK	UK pound	NOK	Nortraship
1940	167,573	2,949,276	2,777,788	48,889,069	2,945,361	51,838,345	0.943
1941	714,495	12,682,286	3,901,558	69,252,646	4,616,053	81,934,932	0.845
1942	1,084,569	19,251,100	6,654,489	118,117,171	7,739,058	137,368,271	0.860
1943	1,188,971	21,104,235	11,234,332	199,409,393	12,423,303	220,513,628	0.904
1944	2,110,519	37,461,703	15,065,196	267,407,220	17,175,714	304,868,923	0.877
1945	1,428,560	25,356,940	8,366,719	148,509,253	9,795,279	173,866,193	0.854

Source: Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3).

Table 2. GDP in current prices for the Norwegian exile and extended economy.

Year	Fishing, whaling, and aquaculture	Maritime transportation	Government administration and defense	GDP in base prices	Offshore share of GDP	Extended Composite GDP in base prices	Offshore share of extended composite GDP
1940	160,456	1,140,124	24,844	6,891,608	0.189	8,031,731	0.162
1941	278,497	1,270,676	39,269	8,494,001	0.182	9,764,677	0.159
1942	293,334	1,251,547	65,836	8,589,743	0.180	9,841,290	0.157
1943	258,288	1,198,880	105,684	8,555,687	0.170	9,754,567	0.149
1944	266,459	1,118,440	146,113	8,207,392	0.169	9,325,831	0.149
1945	295,499	898,501	83,328	9,306,758	0.128	10,205,259	0.117

Source: Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951).

Table 3. GDP for Norway in current and constant prices 1940–1945.

	Fisheries, whaling, and aquaculture	Ocean transport	Exile public administration and defense	Extended composite GDP in base values	Extended composite GDP in market values
In current prices
1940	160,456	1,140,124	24,844	8,031,731	8,564,483
1941	278,497	1,270,676	39,269	9,764,677	10,505,744
1942	293,334	1,251,547	65,836	9,841,290	10,607,728
1943	258,288	1,198,880	105,684	9,754,567	10,517,489
1944	266,459	1,118,440	146,113	9,325,831	10,057,379
1945	295,499	898,501	83,328	10,205,259	10,918,300
In 2015 prices
1940	2,025,985	10,726,380	1,907,658	245,239,248	257,522,576
1941	1,495,788	9,566,614	2,614,147	249,181,151	262,998,729
1942	1,391,665	7,928,136	3,967,491	238,496,057	252,969,142
1943	1,159,412	6,974,606	6,036,070	235,010,826	249,289,570
1944	1,158,900	6,555,794	7,858,895	224,885,689	238,375,896
1945	1,328,771	6,774,405	4,171,517	247,247,572	261,822,393

Source: Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404), Thomas and Williamson (2023).

Figure 1. Mainland GDP’s share of total GDP for Norway 1816–2021. Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404), Thomas and Williamson (2023).

Figure 2. GDP for Norway 1816–2021 in market values, in constant NOK-2015 prices. Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404), Thomas and Williamson (2023).

Figure 3. GDP for Norway in volume indices, 1816–2021 (1816 = 1). Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404), Thomas and Williamson (2023).

Figure 4. Volume indices of GDP by industry, 1816–2021 (2021 = 1). Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404), Thomas and Williamson (2023).

Figure 5. Industries of the offshore sector’s contribution to the Norwegian GDP in current basic values 1816–2021. Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404), Thomas and Williamson (2023).

Figure 6. Share of offshore sector industries to GDP for Norway 1816–2021. Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404), Thomas and Williamson (2023).

Figure 7. Export volumes of the offshore and the mainland sector, 1816–2021 (1816 = 1). Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404, 261–275 and 388–408, 1994, pp. 424–448), Thomas and Williamson (2023), Brautaset (2002), Kiær (1871, 1877, 1886, 1888), NOS (1965, pp. 340–363), Skoglund (2009, pp. 16 and 22).

Figure 8. Offshore sector’s exports as share of total exports in current prices, 1816–2021. Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404, 261–275 and 388–408, 1994, pp. 424–448), Thomas and Williamson (2023), Brautaset (2002), Kiær (1871, 1877, 1886, 1888), NOS (1965, pp. 340–363), Skoglund (2009, pp. 16 and 22).

Table 4. Offshore industries’ shares of GDP and exports 1816–2021.

	Shares of GDP			Shares of exports
	1816–2021 (1830–2021)	1816–1970 (1816–1970)	1971–2021 Petroleum included	1816–2021 (1830–2021)	1816–1970 (1830–1970)	1971–2021 Petroleum included
Average	0.128 (0.132)	0.109 (0.112)	0.186	0.585 (0.587)	0.594 (0.598)	0.558
Median	0.113 (0.115)	0.107 (0.109)	0.193	0.578 (0.581)	0.581 (0.590)	0.574
Stdev	0.050 (0.050)	0.027 (0.012)	0.060	0.071 (0.072)	0.073 (0.075)	0.054
Lower bound	0.078 (0.082)	0.082 (0.100)	0.126	0.514 (0.515)	0.520 (0.522)	0.504
Upper bound	0.179 (0.182)	0.136 (0.125)	0.247	0.655 (0.659)	0.667 (0.673)	0.611

Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404, 261–275 and 388–408, 1994, pp. 424–448, 1965, pp. 340–363), Thomas and Williamson (2023), Brautaset (2002), Kiær (1871, 1877, 1886, 1888), Skoglund (2009, pp. 16 and 22).

Figure 9. Relative first-order differences for mainland and offshore GDP, 1816–2021. Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404), Thomas and Williamson (2023).

Figure 10. Relative first-order differences for mainland and offshore exports, 1816–2021. Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404, 261–275 and 388–408, 1994, pp. 424–448, 1965, pp. 340–363), Thomas and Williamson (2023), Brautaset (2002), Kiær (1871, 1877, 1886, 1888), Skoglund (2009, pp. 16 and 22).

Table 5. Annual compound growth rates and correlation coefficients of GDP and exports in the offshore and mainland economy, 1816–2021.

	GDP compound growth rates			Exports compound growth rates
	Correlation coefficients	Offshore	Mainland	Correlation coefficients	Offshore	Mainland
1816–2021	0.316	0.038	0.026	0.186	0.038	0.034
1830–2021	0.305	0.039	0.027	0.194	0.037	0.033
1816–1858	0,234	0.029	0.022	0.039	0.038	0.034
1830–1858	0.171	0.033	0.025	0.089	0.032	0.027
1858–1914	0.074	0.031	0.018	−0.064	0.032	0.033
1914–1945	0.501	0.010	0.015	0.296	−0.005	−0.002
1945–1971	0.383	0.073	0.045	−0.021	0.102	0.097
1971–2021	−0.083	0.049	0.027	0.055	0.040	0.025

Sources: Grytten (2022, 2023), Finans- og Tolldepartementet (1951, pp. 2–3), NOS (1978, pp. 176–181, 388–391, 403–404, 261–275 and 388–408, 1994, pp. 424–448, 1965, pp. 340–363), Thomas and Williamson (2023), Brautaset (2002), Kiær (1871, 1877, 1886, 1888), Skoglund (2009, pp. 16 and 22).

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