Chlortetracycline and tylosin runoff from soils treated with antimicrobial containing manure

Figures & data

Table 1 Subgroup classification, physiochemical characteristics of the Ap horizon, permeability rating, and runoff class of eastern South Dakota soils used in this study. Brandt, Brookings, and Vienna soils were located in Brookings County whereas Houdek soil was located in Moody County.

	(g/kg)
Soil type	Subgroup classification	Sand	Silt	Clay	Organic matter	Permeability rating ^1	Runoff class ^2
Houdek clay loam	Typic Argiustoll	340	370	290	30	Moderately slow	Moderate/High
Vienna silt loam	Calcic Hapludoll	210	550	240	60	Moderately slow	Medium
Brookings silty clay loam	Pachic Hapludoll	70	620	310	60	Moderately slow	Low
Brandt silty clay loam	Calcic Hapludoll	390	383	226	35	Rapid	Low

Table 2 Water application and runoff amounts from three sites in Brookings County. Water was applied with a Cornell sprinkler infiltrometer over a 45-min time period with runoff collected until water no longer ran off the plot. Data are presented as the mean with standard deviation in parentheses.

Manure type	Soil type		Water applied (L)	Water recovered (L)	Recovered (% of applied)
Tylosin	Houdek clay loam ^†	No manure/no traffic	7.6 (1.7)	1.8 (1.3)	21 (13)
		Manure/no traffic	8.7 (1.8)	8.5 (1.5)	88 (5)
		No manure/ traffic	7.2 (2.1)	6.5 (1.2)	88 (8)
		Manure/ traffic	8.1 (1.0)	7.4 (1.2)	90 (23)
	Vienna silt loam		4.0 (1.0)	3.8 (1.0)	95
	Brookings silty clay loam		6.2 (1.8)	5.5 (1.5)	87
	Brandt silty clay loam		5.4 (2.1)	5.0 (1.9)	93
Chlortetracycline
	Vienna silt loam		4.1 (0.4)	3.9 (0.3)	95
	Brookings silty clay loam		5.2 (0.5)	4.7 (0.4)	91
	Brandt silty clay loam		7.7 (2.8)	5.5 (2.0)	71

Table 3 Average total mass of tylosin A and chlortetracycline measured in runoff from manure treated soils located in Brookings County, SD. Data are presented as the mean with standard deviation in parentheses.

	Soil type
Antimicrobial chemical	Vienna silt loam	Brookings silty clay loam	Brandt silty clay loam
	(μ g)
Tylosin A	28.3 (5.1)	19.2 (6.7)	20.5 (8.9)
Chlortetracycline	2046 (95)	4174 (880)	916 (280)

Fig. 1 Runoff and tylosin losses for each 5-minute collection interval during simulated rainfalls on three Brookings County soil types treated with manure from swine fed rations containing tylosin.

Fig. 2 Runoff and chlortetracycline (CTC) losses for each 5-minute collection interval during simulated rainfalls on three Brookings County soil types treated with manure from swine fed rations containing chlortetracycline.

NRCS . 2004 . Soil Survey of Minnehaha County, South Dakota http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/Manuscripts/SD099/0/Minnehaha_SD.pdf (accessed April 2008)

 Google Scholar

Soil Survey Staff, NRCS, USDA http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/Manuscripts/0/Brookings_SD.pdf (accessed April 2008)

 Google Scholar