Comparative acute toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) to Daphnia magna, Tisbe longicornis, and Emerita analoga

Abstract

The aim of this work was to know the differential composition of the dissolved fraction of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH), commercialized as GLIFOPAC, when reaches different aquatic environments and its ecotoxicological effects on crustaceans species living in them. Daphnia magna, Tisbe longicornis, and Emerita analoga were exposed to glyphosate herbicide called GLIFOPAC (480 g L⁻¹ of active ingredient or a.i.) at concentrations between 0.5 and 4.8 g a.i. L⁻¹. Acute toxicity in D. magna (48 h-LC₅₀), E. analoga (48 h-LC₅₀), and T. longicornis (96 h-LC₅₀) was studied. Chromatographic analysis of the GBH composition used and water (freshwater/sea water) polluted with GLIFOPAC were evaluated. Results reported acute toxicity (48–96 h-LC₅₀) values for D. magna, E. analoga and T. longicornis of 27.4 mg L⁻¹, 806.4 mg L⁻¹, and 19.4 mg L⁻¹, respectively. Chromatographic evaluation described around 45 substances of the GLIFOPAC composition, such as from the surfactant structures (aliphatic chain with esther/ether group), metabolites (AMPA), and other substances (glucofuranose, glucopyranoside, galactopyranose). This study evidenced differences in the GLIFOPAC composition in freshwater and marine water, which may differentiate the toxic response at the crustacean-level in each aquatic environment.

Keywords:

• Co-adjuvants
• freshwater/marine bio-indicators
• eco-toxic response
• GBH
• metabolites

Acknowledgements

We appreciate of the facilities of the Bioassays Lab and Natural Products Chemistry Lab from Universidad de Concepción, Chile.

Additional information

Funding

Moreover, C.A. Villamar and L. Huaraca thank to support of the Dr. Patricio Espinoza from the Pontificia Universidad Católica, Ecuador (project Grant M13465-PUCE-2016).