Overcoming barriers to adolescent vaccination: perspectives from vaccine providers in North Carolina

ABSTRACT

To capture strategies for achieving high adolescent coverage of tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap), meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY), and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, we surveyed employees of 20 North Carolina (N.C.) clinics that achieved adolescent vaccination coverage higher than the state average. One employee per clinic completed a surveysummarizing clinic practices regarding adolescent vaccination; perceived barriers and facilitators to Tdap/MenACWY/HPV vaccination; and the role of “champions” who made special efforts to promote adolescent vaccination. Common perceived barriers for all vaccinations were parental opposition and logistical barriers to receiving vaccination. For HPV vaccination, employees cited parental concerns about sexual behavior and injection site pain; no school vaccination requirement; and low-perceived benefit in boys. Most clinics (80%) implemented successful changes to increase adolescent vaccination: consistently offering vaccination, tracking vaccination status using existing data, providing appointment reminders, updating providers on vaccination recommendations, and expanding vaccination hours. Strategies to improve HPV vaccination included co-administration with Tdap and MenACWY, and providing reminders to complete the vaccination series. Vaccine champions strongly recommended vaccination to parents (55%) and educated parents on vaccination recommendations (36%). Clinics in N.C.and similar settings can implement these and other low-resource strategies to overcome adolescent vaccination barriers.

Abbreviations

CDC=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; EHR=Electronic health record; HPV=Human papillomavirus; Tdap=Tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine; MenACWY=Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine; NCIB=North Carolina Immunization Branch; NCIR=North Carolina Immunization Registry; ACIP=Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

KEYWORDS:

• Adolescents
• human papillomavirus
• meningococcal conjugate vaccine
• north Carolina
• providers
• tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis
• vaccines

Disclosure statement

Dr. Smith has received research grants, served on paid advisory boards, and/or been a paid speaker for GlaxoSmithKline and Merck & Co., Inc. over the past 5 years. The remaining co-authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

Merck and Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA (VT ID #51842); National Institutes of Health Cancer Center Support Grant (P30-CA016086); National Institutes of Health NRSA predoctoral fellowship (F31-CA210474-01A1).