Women’s experiences of primary dysmenorrhea symptoms: a systematic review of qualitative evidence and meta-aggregation

ABSTRACT

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) has a significant impact on women’s lives, especially among young women who miss school and work due to painful periods. Experiences and how women manage PD have been explored to some extent, but the evidence has not been systematically collated and reviewed to allow health professionals to better understand women’s experiences of and perceptions about PD. Hence, we aim to synthesize the qualitative evidence related to women’s experiences of PD and associated symptoms. For this purpose, seven databases (Ovid MEDLINE®, PubMed, Embase, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and OpenGrey) were searched for relevant papers published in English, Spanish, Greek and Chinese between January 1997 and May 2021. All studies investigating women’s experiences with PD were included; besides, The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool for qualitative studies was used to critically appraise the papers. A data extraction form was developed using JBI template and findings from the papers were analyzed and synthesized using meta-aggregation. Sixteen articles were included and during the analysis five themes were identified: Experiencing pain and associated symptoms, the psychological dimension of PD, knowledge and support, day-to-day living with PD, and coping strategies. We concluded taboos and deeply rooted beliefs around menstruation can potentially lead to gender inequalities; hence, women’s common concerns and their experiences with PD need to be considered. Training and treatment protocols for health practitioners are needed. Future research should focus on development and testing of protocols for diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological management and men’s perceptions of menstruation of their lovers.

KEYWORDS:

• Experiences
• primary dysmenorrhea
• qualitative study
• women

Acknowledgments

Contributor: César Fernandez de las Peñas. Research and Teach Unit of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain. He supported and helped reviewing and advising during the development of the paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Supplementary data

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2023.2255289.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.