Abstract
Cross-cultural validity of teacher immediacy scales is a constant concern in instructional communication research. The present study examines the validity of two existing teacher immediacy scales: the Revised Nonverbal Immediacy Measure (RNIM) and the Chinese Teacher Immediacy Scale (CTIS) in U.S., Chinese, German, and Japanese cultures. Results of confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation provide evidence for the validity of both the RNIM and the CTIS. Overall, both scales are found to have adequate factorial, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity pan-culturally and within culture, despite some slight variations across cultures. Implications and future directions are also addressed.
This paper was presented at the 2007 International Communication Association annual meeting, San Francisco, California, USA.
This paper was presented at the 2007 International Communication Association annual meeting, San Francisco, California, USA.
Notes
This paper was presented at the 2007 International Communication Association annual meeting, San Francisco, California, USA.