Influence of ion-pairing and chemical enhancers on the transdermal delivery of meloxicam

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the influence of ion pairing and chemical enhancers on the transdermal delivery of meloxicam. Method: We examined the increased permeation of meloxicam produced by ion pair formation with six organic bases, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and N-(2′-hydroxyethanol)-piperidine, and four normal permeation enhancers, oleic acid, menthol, azone, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The cumulative permeation was markedly increased in the presence of either a counter ion or chemical enhancers. In particular, we proved the formation of a meloxicam/amine ion-pair in solution by ¹³C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Results and conclusion: The cumulative permeation was markedly increased in the presence of either a counter ion or chemical enhancers. These results suggest that the degree of enhancement possibly depends on the structure and hydrophilicity of the counter ions.

Key words :

• ¹³C-NMR
• enhancers
• ion pairs
• meloxicam
• transdermal

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Professor Yasunori Morimoto Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Japan sincerely for his kind gift of two-chamber diffusion cells and a synchronous motor.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest