In vitro enzyme inhibition and in vivo anti-hyperuricemic potential of eugenol: an experimental approach

Abstract

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is accountable for the uric acid synthesis in the body and is considered as a prominent therapeutic target in urate lowering treatment. Eugenol is a natural compound commonly found in clove, cinnamon, etc. and has various biological activities. This study was designed to examine the anti-hyperuricemic effect of eugenol by in vitro and in vivo studies. Potassium oxonate (PO) was used to induce hyperuricemia in Wistar rats. Different doses of eugenol (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg bwt orally) were used for the treatment and various biological function markers (renal, hepatic, and hematological) were analyzed. The IC₅₀ value obtained for eugenol was 3.51 ± 0.002 μM. The kinetic studies revealed that the eugenol exhibited a mixed type of inhibition. Abnormality in the levels of various biological function markers was observed in the PO treated rats. Upon the eugenol treatment, those biological function markers were retained near to its normal values. The study proved the anti-hyperuricemic potential of eugenol against the PO induced hyperuricemia model.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• Hyperuricemia
• eugenol
• potassium oxonate
• xanthine oxidase
• Wistar rats

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, India, for providing excellent research support.

Ethical approval

Animal ethical: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University (Reg. No. IAEC No.: 23092019-2) according to Government of India accepted principles for laboratory animals' use and care.

Author contributions

V Vijeesh designed and performed the experiment. V Vijeesh, A Vysakh, and Ninan Jisha done the data processing, data analysis, and manuscript writing. M.S. Latha contributed to work design and result verifications. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.